Influence of Extending Ratio on Mechanical and Piezoelectric Properties of Irradiation Cross-Linked Polypropylene Films

Abstract:

Stretchable piezoelectret films may be applied in sensor skins, wearable equipment, micro-energy harvesters and so on. Irradiation cross-linked polypropylene (IXPP) foam sheets could be stretchable piezoelectrets after proper modification of microstructure and polarization. In this article, commercial IXPP foam sheets were modified by a process consisting of hot-pressing and extending and rendered piezoelectric by corona charging, and the influence of extending ratio on the stretchability and piezoelectric properties were investigated. The quasi-static piezoelectric d₃₃ coefficients up to 427 pC/N are achieved, which well retained to the strain up to 11%. The result shows that in the surface parallel plane, the Young’s module in extending and transverse direction show typical anisotropism, which retains as the secondary extending ratio increases from 0% to 110%, while in the surface normal direction, the Young’s module of the film decreases from 0.87 to 0.34 MPa. The stretchability of the modified film is significantly improved compared to which of the origin film.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1053)
• Pages: 407-413
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1053.407
• Online since: October 2014
• Authors: Xin Wu Zhang*, Xiao Qing Zhang
• Keywords: Piezoelectricity, Polypropylene (PP), Stretchability

References

[1] J. Lekklala, P. Poramo, K. Nyholm, T. Kaikonen, EMF force sensor-a flexible and sensitive electret film for physiological application, Med. Bio. Eng. Comp. 34 (1996) 67-69.

[2] R. Gerhard-Multhaupt, Less can be more: holes in polymers lead to a new paradigm of piezoelectric materials for electret transducers, IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Insul. 9 (2002) 850-859.

DOI: 10.1109/tdei.2002.1038668

[3] S. Bauer, R. Gerhard-Multhaupt, G.M. Sessler, Ferroelectrets: soft electro-active foams for transducers, Phys. Today 57 (2) (2004) 37-43.

DOI: 10.1063/1.1688068

[4] S. Bauer, Piezo-, pyro- and ferroelectrets: soft transducer materials for electromechanical energy conversion, IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Insul. 5 (2006) 953-962.

DOI: 10.1109/tdei.2006.247819

[5] J. A. Rogers, T. Someya, Y. Huang, Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics, Science, 327 (2010), 1603-1607.

DOI: 10.1126/science.1182383

[6] T. Sekitani, T. Someya, Stretchable, Large-area Organic Electronics, Adv. Mater. 22 (20) (2010), 2228-2246.

DOI: 10.1002/adma.200904054

[7] V. J. Lumelsky, M. S. Shur, S. Wagner, Sensitive skin, IEEE Sens. J. 41 (1) (2001), 1530-437X.

DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2001.923586

[8] X. Feng, Y. Hung, J. A. Rogers, Stretchable ferroelectric nano-ribbons with wavy configuration on elastomeric substrates, ACS Nano, 5 (2011), 3326-3332.

DOI: 10.1021/nn200477q

[9] Zhang. X, Pan. D, Wang. X, Cao. G, Sun. Z, Xia. Z, Piezoelectric coefficients of cross-linked polypropylene films stretched at elevated temperatures, Journal of Electrostatics 69 (6) (2011) 554-558.

DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2011.07.008

[10] X. Zhang, J. Huang, J. Chen, Z. Wan, S. Wang, and Z. Xia, Piezoelectric properties of irradiation-crosslinked polypropylene ferroelectrets, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 (2007), 182901.

DOI: 10.1063/1.2803316

[11] X. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Huang, and Z. Xia, Quasi-static and dynamic piezoelectric d33 coefficients of irradiation cross-linked polypropylene ferroelectrets, J. Materials Sci., 44 (2009) 2459-2465.

DOI: 10.1007/s10853-009-3312-3

[12] Xiaoqing Zhang, Xinwu Zhang, Qiong You, Gerhard M. Sessler, Low cost, large area, stretchable piezoelectric films based on irradiation cross-linked polypropylene, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 299 (2014) 290–295.

DOI: 10.1002/mame.201300161

[13] G.S. Neugschwandtner, R. Schwödiauer, M. Vieytes, S. Bauer-Gogonea, S. Bauer, J. Hillenbrand, R. Kressmann, G.M. Sessler, M. Paajanen, J. Lekkala, Large and broadband piezoelectricity in smart polymer-foam space-charge electrets, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (2000).

DOI: 10.1063/1.1331348

[14] A. Mellinger, Dielectric resonance spectroscopy: a versatile tool in the quest for better piezoelectric polymers, IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul 10 (2003) 842-861.

DOI: 10.1109/tdei.2003.1237333

[15] IEEE standard on piezoelectricity, ANSI/IEEE Std. 176, (1987).

[16] A.K. Jonscher, Dielectric Relaxation in Solids. Chelsea Dielectrics Press, London, (1983).

[17] S. Havriliak, S.J. Havriliak, Dielectric and Mechanical Relaxation in Materials. Hanser, Munich, (1997).

[18] A.K. Jonscher, Dielectric relaxation in solids, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 32 (1999) R57-R70.

DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/32/14/201

[19] David I. Bower, An Introduction to Polymer Physics, Cambridge University Press, (2002).

[20] X. Zhang, G.M. Sessler, J. Hillenbrand, Improvement of piezoelectric coefficientof cellular polypropylenefilms by repeated expansions, J. Electrost 65 (2007)94-100.

DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2006.07.006

[21] Xinwu. Zhang, Xiaoqing. Zhang, Piezoelectric and acoustic behavior of polypropylenepiezoelectret Films, Acta Physica Sinica 16(2013) 167702.