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Turning Waste into Value: A Systematic Review of Eggshell Powder Applications in Green Soil Stabilization

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Abstract:

This systematic literature review evaluates the potential of eggshell powder (ESP) as a sustainable soil stabilization material, synthesizing evidence from 22 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025. This review tries to comprehensively assess its effects across multiple geotechnical properties and multiple soil types, covering standalone, blended, and bio-stabilization systems. The screening was done from a major database, extracting data on soil type, additive content, and mechanical performance. Findings reveal that ESP consistently enhances unconfined compressive strength (UCS) by 70 - 200%, increases California Bearing Ratio (CBR) by 100 - 200%, and reduces plasticity index (PI) sufficiently to improve soil classification from high to low plasticity categories. Optimal ESP contents range from 4–10% for standalone application to 3–15% in blended systems, with 10% recommended for bio-stabilization. Improvements are driven by pozzolanic reaction, cation exchange, flocculation, void filling, and calcite precipitation. ESP offers significant environmental benefits through waste valorization and reduced carbon footprint compared to cement and lime. However, challenges remain in scaling laboratory successes to field application and assessing long-term durability. This review supports the integration of ESP into sustainable geotechnical practice while highlighting the need for further applied research.

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Periodical:

Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1190)

Pages:

109-115

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-CCs9Kg

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Online since:

July 2026

Authors:

Furqaan Harjanto*, Hafidzul 'Azmi, Tsulis Iq'bal Khairul Amar, Syakir Maghfuri, Aisya Galuh Laksita

Keywords:

California Bearing Ratio, Eggshell Powder, Plasticity Index, Soil Stabilization, Unconfined Compressive Strength

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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