Fast Analysis of Nitrobenzene by Nitroreductase Modified Electrode

Abstract:

Nitroreductase (NR) was modified on glass carbon electrode and used in nitrobenzene analysis. Both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and triple potential step chronocoulometry (TPSC) with a narrow potential step interval were used. The modification of nitroreductase improved the sensitivity and selectivity of nitrobenzene detection. Both the peak area and peak current were examined for quantitative analysis, showing a linear relation between nitrobenzene concentration and peak area, and a logarithmic relation for peak current, with correlation coefficients of 0.9981 and 0.9993, respectively. Statistical tests to evaluate the reliability of TPSC showed that there was no evidence of systematic error, and it was not significantly different from CV or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The new method could avoid most interferents, showing good selectivity.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 239-242)
• Pages: 1463-1469
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.239-242.1463
• Online since: May 2011
• Authors: Chen Ming Liu, Hong Bin Cao, Yu Ping Li, Yi Zhang
• Keywords: Electrochemistry, Fast Analysis, Modified Electrode, Nitroreductase, Triple Potential Step Chronocoulometry

References

[1] A. Hilmi, J.H.T. Luong, A.-L. Nguyen, Determination of explosives in soil and ground water by liquid chromatography-amperometric detection, J. Chromatogr. A Vol. 844 (1999) p.97

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00392-1

[2] S.F. Patil, S.T. Lonkar, Determination of benzene, aniline and nitrobenzene in workplace air: a comparison of active and passive sampling, J. Chromatogr. A Vol. 688 (1994) p.189

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00762-4

[3] C. Liu, H. Cao, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, Gold nanoparticles / multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified pyrolytic graphite electrode as an electrochemical sensor for nitrobenzene determination, J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. Vol. 9 (2006) p.139

[4] G.J. Atwell, S. Yang, F.B. Pruijn, S.M. Pullen, A. Hogg, A.V. Patterson, W.R. Wilson, W.A. Denny, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships for 2,4-Dinitrobenzamide-5-mustards as Prodrugs for the Escherichia coli nfsB Nitroreductase in Gene Therapy, J. Med. Chem. Vol.50 (2007) p.1197

DOI: 10.1021/jm061062o

[5] C. Berne, L. Betancor, H.R. Luckarift, J.C. Spain, Application of a Microfluidic Reactor for Screening Cancer Prodrug Activation Using Silica-Immobilized Nitrobenzene Nitroreductase, Biomacromolecules Vol.7 (2006) p.2631

DOI: 10.1021/bm060166d

[6] Z. Naal, J.-H. Park, S. Bernhard, J.P. Shapleigh, C.A. Batt, H.D. Abruña, Amperometric TNT biosensor based on the oriented immobilization of a nitroreductase maltose binding protein fusion, Anal. Chem. Vol. 74 (2002) p.140

DOI: 10.1021/ac010596o

[7] C.A. Haynes, R.L. Koder, A.-F. Miller, D.W. Rodgers, Structures of nitroreductase in three states, J. Biol. Chem. Vol. 277 (2002) p.11513

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111334200

[8] A.J. Bard, L.R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods - Fundamentals and Applications, Second ed., Wiley, New York, 2001.

[9] X. Cheng, Z.-D. Feng, G.-F. Luo, Effect of potential steps on porous silicon formation, Electrochim. Acta Vol.48 (2003) p.497

DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(02)00716-8

[10] K. Xu, L. Zhu, Y. Wu, H. Tang, An improved structure model to explain variations of electric properties of polyaniline film in the reduction process by using double potential step technique, Electrochim. Acta Vol.51 (2006) p.3986

DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.11.013

[11] M. Yagi, M. Takahashi, M. Teraguchi, T. Kaneko, T. Aoki, Entropy effect on physical displacement of redox molecules in a nafion film as studied by double potential-step chronoabsorptometry, J. Phys. Chem. B. Vol.107 (2003) p.12667

DOI: 10.1021/jp036146c

[12] H. Ikeuchi, M. Kanakubo, Determination of diffusion coefficients of the electrode reaction products by the double potential step chronoamperometry at small disk electrodes, J. Electroanal. Chem. Vol.493 (2000) p.93

DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00327-2

[13] O.V. Klymenko, R.G. Evans, C. Hardacre, I.B. Svir, R.G. Compton, Double potential step chronoamperometry at microdisk electrodes: simulating the case of unequal diffusion coefficients, J. Electroanal. Chem. Vol.571 (2004) p.211

DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.05.012

[14] C. Montella, Discussion of the potential step method for the determination of the diffusion coefficients of guest species in host materials: Part I. Influence of charge transfer kinetics and ohmic potential drop, J. Electroanal. Chem. Vol.518 (2002) p.61

DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00691-x

[15] M. Lopez-Tenes, M.M. Moreno, C. Serna, A. Molina, Study of an EE mechanism using double potential step techniques, J. Electroanal. Chem. Vol.528 (2002) p.159

DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)00904-x

[16] A. Molina, M. Lopez-Tenes, C. Serna, M.M. Moreno, M. Rueda, Study of multistep electrode processes in triple potential step techniques at spherical electrodes, Electrochem. Commun. Vol.7 (2005) p.751

DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.04.032

[17] C. Serna, A. Molina, M.M. Moreno, M. Lopez-Tenes, Study of multistep electrode processes in double potential step techniques at spherical electrodes, J. Electroanal. Chem. Vol.546 (2003) p.97

DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00155-4

[18] J.C. Miller, J.N. Miller, Statistics for analytical chemistry, Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester, 1988.