Advanced Materials Research Vol. 508

Abstract: The Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) has been used to measure the particles number concentration and size distribution (6-560nm) of vehicle exhaust plume. The results reveal that vehicle exhaust contribute dominantly to the number concentration in the atmosphere particle. The particles total concentration decreases in the dispersion process. Furthermore, the transformation processes such as nucleation ,coagulation and condensation happen with dispersion process. Because of large number of nucleation mode particles, the coagulation process is in the advantage, which make the particles diameter increase.

Abstract: The cerium oxide powder has been modified with mechanically chemical method. The effect of modifier, reaction time, calcine temperature, and amount of additives on the particle size, density, and hardness of super-fine cerium oxide was investigated. The complex super-fine cerium oxide powder was prepared, whose physical state and feature were characterized. The results show that modifier and powder may interact, which improves the properties of super-fine cerium oxide.

Abstract: nanosized TiO₂ were prepared using TiOSO₄ as the precursor by hydrolysis-precipitation and hydrothermal method. Through dipping granular activated carbon (GAC) into the TiO₂ hydrosols, The nanosized TiO₂/GACs composite was obtained. The surface morphology, microstructure and element distribution of the composite were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, EDS respectively. The results show that the synthesized nanosized TiO₂ is anatase phase with average size of 150-200 nm and can be dispersed uniformly on the surface of GACs. Photocatalytic experimental shows that when the load amount is 1.5%, the nanosized TiO₂/GACs composite have the best effect of removal methylene blue,the rate up to 97.0 % in 180 min.

Abstract: Grinding rate of mica particles by a planetary ball mill was studied by the measurement of specific breakage rate and breakage distribution parameter for different size ranges. The relationships between specific breakage rate and breakage distribution parameter with particle size were obtained from the measured results. The results show that grinding rate decreases fast as particle size decreases. Using integraldifferential equation for the mass fraction in grinding process with experimental obtained relationships of specific breakage rate and breakage distribution parameter with particle size, grinding process of mica particles are simulated by the 4^th Runge-Kutta method, and particle size distribution between simulated and measured has been compared. The comparison results show that the specific breakage rate of mica particles was proportional to grinding time.

Abstract: During the treatment of wastewater from metal production and processing industries, a huge volume of sludge is generated. Sludge from the industrial effluent is usually abandoned or used in agriculture as fertilizer due to the presence of phosphorus, potassium and other inorganic elements, or landfilled. In our work, metals concentration in the sludge from different industries of multi-area, China, was determined and the recoverable potential was assessed. It indicated that the sludge from electroplating, PCB, leather treatment, metal smelter and stainless steel industries was restricted its use as a fertilizer because that the sludge had too high concentration of toxic heavy metals. Meanwhile, it was seen that Ag, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn contents in the sludge from some industries had exceeded the minimum standards of industrial smelting and had the value recycled. It is imperative and beneficial to find a low-cost, environmentally friendly recycling technology to recover the metals in sludge from industrial wastewater.

Abstract: The modification method and its eftect on the behavior of sepiolite, especially its ability to remove heavy metals, have be reaen systematically studied. Different pretreatment methods have led to various surface structures, which resulted in various effects on removal heavy metals. The processes of modification and removal of heavy metals have been optimized. The highest removal rate for Pb canch more than 96%.

Abstract: Efficiency evaluation indexes and their weights selection method to the small and medium-sized powder metallurgy enterprise cluster supply chain were put forward and a supply chain efficiency evaluation model for it was set up. The efficiency evaluation to the supply chain can contribute to analyzing, discovering and solving the affecting efficiency problems in the operation process, and make the material flow more orderly, balanced and effective, reduce the logistics cost and the manufacturing cost and promote the agility and competitiveness of the cluster.

Abstract: The recycling of e-waste in general allows the recovery of valuable materials, which can be reused as secondary raw materials. This implies, however, to adopt reliable treatment processes to achieve specific standard characteristics. Actually, the market standards are very strict and strongly affect the economic value of recovered materials. In particular, waste refrigerators recycling allows the recovery of different plastic materials together with metallic fractions (ferrous and non ferrous), which economic value is considerably increasing in the last years. Only in Italy, in 2010 approximately 66,000 t of waste refrigerators were collected for recycling. An efficient recycling treatment could assure about 85% of recovery rate. In this paper, a model to control and characterize the materials recovered from mechanical recycling of cabinets dismantled from of waste refrigerators is proposed. The treatment flow sheet consists of various separation and comminution operations. A mathematical model was implemented to determine a partition function, utilizing data obtained from the treatment of 100 waste refrigerator carcasses, carrying out mass balance of recovered materials. The partition function was adopted to determinate control parameter to assess the quality of the recovered products, and, therefore, of the applied technologies. The results shown as the best recovery rate of waste refrigerator carcasses were reached for ferrous metals (97.5%) together with high purity (more than 98%). Also other metals reached a good quality (about 87% for non-ferrous metals, 92% for mixed recyclable plastics), but with lower recovery rates.

Abstract: Hydrolysis of sodium borohydride is regarded as a promising technology to produce pure hydrogen in portable fuel cell fields. In this paper, Ce is examined to be a better co-catalyst than Ni and Fe for the attapulgite clay (AT)-supported cobalt-boride (Co-B) catalyst. Factors, such as solution temperature, NaBH4 concentration and NaOH concentration on performance of these catalysts in hydrolysis of sodium borohydride are investigated. Furthermore, characteristics of these AT-supported catalysts are studied using SEM and XRD. Activation energy of hydrogen generation using such catalysts is estimated to be 37.02 kJ/mol.

Abstract: The design procedure of a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) platform is presented in this paper for the purpose of developing, studying and evaluating process control technology. Based on Tennessee Eastman (TE) process, OPC (OLE for Process Control) communication standards and iFIX configuration software, a two-way information exchange channel between TE process and iFIX is setup via OPC. Through iFIX HMI (human machine interface), the operator can monitor the state of TE process and the operational commands can be transmitted to TE process easily. Other functions such as history view can be developed according to users demand. With the SCADA platform, researchers could enjoy more flexible data and information in research and training programs in contrast to conventional way.