Advanced Materials Research Vols. 512-515

Abstract: The effects of substrate mix ratio and inoculum/substrate ratio (ISR) on biochemical methane potential of para-grass (PG) and pig manure (PM) were investigated in batch test that maintained temperature at 35±1 oC and continuously shaked at 120 rpm. Cumulative methane production data at different mix ratios and ISRs were evaluated and fitted with Gompertz equation to derive methane production potential (mL) and maximum methane production rate (mL/d). The maximum and average methane yields at each respective ISR of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were [413.0, 315.5], [539.7, 455.6], [590.3, 472.5], and [593.1, 473.5] mL/gVSadded. Relationship of ISR and PG mix ratio to specific methane yield were expressed in quadratic regression model. The generated response surface showed that methane yield was elevated at higher ISR and higher PG mix ratio. This suggests a careful investigation at different ISR and substrate mix ratios should be performed in order to develop a realistic biochemical methane potential of anaerobic co-digestion.

Abstract: At 600°C, fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust with and without catalysts were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor to determine the effects of five catalysts on the removing tar and changing components of tar. Based on difference of the physical properties and chemical catalytic, five catalysts, including sand, porous silica, activated alumina, fused alumina and zeolite were chosen. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze tar compositions. The results showed that the conversion rates of tar: zeolite>activated alumina>fused alumina>porous silica>sand. The physical properties and the chemical catalytic activities of the catalysts were the two main reasons, in which the physical properties of catalysts mainly influenced the contents of aldehydes, hydrocarbons and phenols, while chemical catalytic activities of catalysts mainly influenced the contents of acids, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons and phenols.

Abstract: For seeking the method of reproduction of organic garbage, the organic garbage is handled by using the enzymes of the microorganisms, and the alcohol is produced from the organic garbage fermentation. The result shows that alcohol0-9 ml can be produced from organic garbage fermentation/100 g and alcohol/70～90 L from organic garbage fermentation/1000 kg. The wast materials are changed into treasure. The problems of the energy resources is resolved and the environment is improved. lt provide a new method of reproducing the organic garbage to new energy in the city.

Abstract: This paper provides an updated review on fast biomass pyrolysis reactors for bio-oil production in Shandong University of Technology. The technologies that were developed include horizontal entrained bed (HEB), fluidized bed (FB), down flow tuber reactor (DFTR), double concentric cylinder rotary reactor (DCCRR) and new type down flow tube reactor (N-DFTR). The patented DFTR, DCCRR and N-DFTR in China were developed based on the technology of direct heat exchange between hot solid heat carriers and biomass particles during both of the particles flowing in a mixed condition. The process and characteristics of each reactor were discussed in this topic. Contrasting to conventional reactors, the DFTR, DCCRR and N-DFTR are promising technologies due to their characteristics of high solid-liquid conversion rate, energy self-sufficient, easy operation and scaling up.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic materials, a abundant and renewable resources in the world, can be utilized for 2nd bioethanol production. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) has been regarded as a promising process for bioethanol production. This article reviews the status of SSF process for bioethanol production and its challenges for reducing production cost and increasing process efficiency, and the key issues mainly including high loading of cellulose substrate, high temperature of SSF reaction and its corresponding thermo-tolerant microorganism as well as alleviation or elimination of inhibitors have been analyzed. At last future prospects for commercialization of the 2^nd bioethanol production by lignocellulosic materials with low capital investment are stated.

Abstract: The pyrolysis behaviors of cotton stalk, corn stalk and corn cob have been investigated with the thermogaravimetric ananlysis(TGA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR). The results from TGA show that there are two reaction stages in the pyrolysis process, corn cob is easier to decomposition than others at the same temperature, and their pyrolysis process is different from each other. Different chemical component ratio maybe link with the variable biomass pyrolysis behaviors. The corn cob yield the most organic compound for its highest content of cellulose and the cotton stalk yield the most non-condensable gas in addition to H2 for its highest content of hemicellulose from the integrated data of peak area. Thus, the content of cellulose and hemicellulose have an important role in the biomass pyrolisis.

Abstract: As a large agricultural country, China ranks first in the world of the output of crop residues. However, due to the decreasing requirement of rural living energy usage for straw, the surplus of straw is extremely severely in rural area. Recently, the central government encouraged greatly the straw utilization, and the large-scale straw utilization is the main content of the rural energy now. As for three modes of large-scale straw utilization in rural energy fields such as: straw gasification, straw biogas and straw molding fuel (solidification/carbonization), these modes are planned to be compared, analyzed and evaluated in this paper to capably provide selection reference for large-scale utilization of straw and boost the development of straw resource utilization in rural China.

Abstract: A new analytical form of dispersion equation which can be used to describe the disturbance growth rate of the diesel bubble growth instability is derived. The instability analysis of vapor bubble growth within the diesel droplet is carried out in this paper. Analysis results show: the disturbance growth rate is majorly influenced by six dimensionless variables. The disturbance growth rate initially decreases gradually then increases rapidly with increasing bubble volume fraction. The disturbance growth rate increases with increasing Weber number of vapor bubble growth, increasing Mach number and increasing diesel droplet Reynolds number. Both vapor bubble Reynolds number and ambient air Reynolds number have slightly influence on disturbance growth rate.

Abstract: A great deal of the available biomass resource of straw is idle in china,convert straw into methane gas not only can produce a kind of natural fuel,the straw waste can also generate a kind of natural organic fertilizer,so,take advantage of the bacteria to break down the straw to form methane gas would be one of the best ways to solve the problem of idle straw resource.The comprehensive utilization of straw methane can improve the rural production、living environment,and increase economic efficiency,is a important foundation to deveolp a circulating type of low carbon of agriculture economic and plays an extraordinary role in the new rural construction.The key problem of the straw methane generalize is the pretreatment technology of the straw ;gas generating velocity and efficiency ;the discharging of the straw waste etc.For the area which accelerate the process of live in the form of concentration of the domestic biogas should be controlled,and the direction should be the construction of big,medium-sized straw biogas pools.

Abstract: Characters of many types of transformer oils were researched in this paper. Vegetable oil made from bean was considered suitable transformer oil by comparing their physical and chemical characters, which are include fire safety, insulation, parameter related thermal activity, stability, and other issues such as environment-friendly character, etc. It can point out that the vegetable oil with appropriate addition agent will be a kind of popular transformer oil in the future.