Advanced Materials Research Vols. 512-515

Abstract: In our studied phosphating system we used the urea complex of copper (Cu[SC(NH2)₂]₃²⁺) as the film promoter to instead of the nitrite and nitrate in traditional steel phosphating solution. We determined the changes of each component phosphate solution during specimen handling, and preliminary explorated the formation mechanism. Results showed that: compared to conventional zinc phosphating process the solution was stability, all the ferrous iron was formed the film, and FePO4 had not precipitated in the phosphating system; the phase of the phosphate film was formed by the small grain which was Fe₂Zn(PO₄)₂•4H₂O and Zn₃(PO₄)₂•4H₂O mixed in the proportional spherical crystals to instead of the Zn₃(PO₄)₂•4H₂O-based that was needle-like or leaf-shaped loose crystals.

Abstract: In order to understand the mass transfer process of water molecules in the reverse osmosis membrane based on the dynamic adsorption theory and diffusion transfer concept, according to the theory of random walk, the diffusion-adsorption equation is deduced at the beginning of dynamic adsorption around all diffusion regions. It was studied and analyzed the dynamic adsorption behaviour of H₂O in reverse osmosis membrane of polyamide in the experiment, and the influence of the different temperature to the dynamic adsorption of the reverse osmosis membrane on the early stages was discussed, and calculated the abnormal diffusion index dw. The results showed that the water molecules in this aromatic polyamide type reverse osmosis membrane have the behaviour of abnormal dynamic adsorption, and the higher temperature was, the smaller the abnormal diffusion index dw was.

Abstract: The effect of rare earth metals on modifying inclusions of 2205 duplex stainless steel was studied by metallographic examination, SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in 2205 duplex stainless steel. According to the composition of 2205 duplex stainless steel liquid and thermodynamic data, it may calculate and predict the kinds of RE inclusions. And the result shows that aluminosilicate complex inclusion and sulfide inclusion can be entirely replaced by RE2O2S and RES that are spherical.

Abstract: Geometrical error due to twist springback is one of major defects found in the near net or net shape part. It becomes more critical for complex part such as an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) propeller blade. In this study, twist springback was quantified by comparing the blade and the die profiles obtained from commercial optical technique namely Alicona system. The results show a different pattern, where the twist springback becomes larger as the twist angle increases moving to the tip. The results show a strong agreement with the experiment.

Abstract: In this paper, Technology development of Semi-coke production with low metamorphic degree coal is introduced. The technology characters and the problems existed is analyzed and measures to these problems are suggested. Two pieces of techniques to the main problems, lower temperature distillition with oxygen as combustion agent (DWO2) and new semicoke dry quenching with cold distillation gas (NSQ) is introduced. They have been proven feasible by pilot test and can combine with the current process to form a new generation environment-friendly technology.

Abstract: Nano-sized nickel powders were prepared through a wet chemical reduction, of NiCl₂ by sodium in liquid ammonia at -45 °C, and a subsequent heat-treatment in vacuum at 300 °C. The prepared product was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET specific surface area measurement. The results show that the product was composed of nano-sized nickel particles, with average particle diameter of about 20 nm, and specific surface area of about 30 m²g^-1. The possible formation mechanism of the nano-sized nickel powder was also discussed briefly.

Abstract: Analyzed theoretically the reasons for the formation of massive ferrite through analysis of the phase diagram of P91 steel. By Combining with the heat treatment of the header, we can make a conclusion that the formation of massive ferrite in P91 steel is because temperature is too high (more than the A1 transformation point). And the process of elimination of massive ferrite was proposed.

Abstract: Fuel oil No. 4 to No.6 are collectively known as residual oil and widely known to be hazardous and release more emission than conventional diesel fuel. However, more concern has been given to find an alternative fuel for diesel with extensive research in biodiesel from various resources for more than a decade. On the other hand, only small intention had been shown towards residual oil though everyone knows it is more harmful. Current production cost of any biofuels is much superior that made residual oil to be a fuel of choice especially for heavy machineries. This research aims to reduce the production cost of biofuels by utilizing Sludge Palm Oil (SPO) as its feedstock. SPO is a waste of any palm oil mill and has been overlooked by many for a long time. The idea is to convert only the FFA part of SPO and let the triglyceride portion as it is. Though it might be not suitable for conventional diesel engine, it should not create many problems with heavy machineries engine which run on more viscous residual oil.

Abstract: Through the hot pressing compound adhesive technology of synthesis of the Novel Synthetic Materials "Artificial Water-Purifying Plant" (AWPP) which is made of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics and Cross-linked polyethylene bubble. Material production process, principle and characteristics of AWPP are introduced in the article. From the different concentration of water purification contrast test, analysis of the material in ascension water purification system processing power play a role. The results indicate that AWPP have technologies advantages of qualitative light, corrosion resistance, buoyancy, more specific surface area, microbial attachment than large amount, form quickly microbial membrane and so on. To different concentrations of water quality of different pollutants index, it can effectively improve water purification effect 18%-40%, and use of low cost, market broad prospect of application.

Abstract: Tin thin film on Cu foil substrate as the anode of lithium ion battery was prepared by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the SEI layer should be formed on the surface of the tin electrode after initial discharge processes, just like the carbon anode of lithium ion battery. The SEI layer undergoes continuous reformation during the initial cycles. The tin in the electrode can be covered completely by SEI layer after 3^rd discharge process. The carbon in SEI layer is mainly in the form of -CO₃^2- , which makes up about 54.5 at%.