Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: Using thiol-activated-carbon adsorption heavy metal (Cd) in lobster sauce were studied.The content of Cd in lobster sauce from the different manufacturers are detected in the appropriate adsorption conditions and analytical conditions, while on the mechanism of heavy metals in lobster sauce were analyzed. The results show that: the thiol-activated-carbon adsorption of heavy metals in the lobster sauce has a good effect on adsorption and desorption .At the same time ,it is to be found that the content of heavy metal (Cd) after using this method to dispose the samples is higher than the national standards relating to the content of heavy metal (Cd) in beans.Its occurred mechanism mainly is soybean itself pollution, soybean itself with the manufacturing technique and added salt ，etc.

Abstract: Abstract. Investigation on the degradation of dye simulated wastewater containing disperse H-GL dark blue was conducted under Fenton oxidation scheme. Reaction conditions such as the dosage of H2O2 and Fe2+, initial pH, initial dye concentration and reaction time were studied in terms of decolorization efficiencies. Up to 94.5% decolorization rate was attained after 30 min using H2O2 36 mg L-1 and Fe2+ 75mg L-1 at a pH of 3.

Abstract: The tailings water of Luoba lead-zinc concentrator in Gansu China is characterized by high pH value and calcium oxide content, moreover, the concentration of lead ions, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand （BOD and COD） exceed the regulatory discharge standard. Studies on the combined use of ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) and LSQ (an innovative regent developed by Kunming University of Science and Technology) were conducted to treat the wastewater. Results show that the quality of treated tailings water by calcium removal-neutralization process can meet the regulatory discharge standard. Results show that the treated water can be reused for flotation, which helps to upgrade the quality of the concentrate and makes no difference with the fresh water used in the concentrator.

Abstract: Chinese energy structure is nowadays dominated by thermal power plants, while coal production and consumption are huge with large amount of water consumption and massive dust produce. Energy saving, water conservation and environmental protection have to be carried on. An intelligent dry dust removal equipment is developed, witch is driven by compressed air, jet Venturi tube is drawing air ash and coal dust on the ground, a cyclone separating filter is collecting the dust, second level collection is the cloth filter, SO2 and CO2 filtration and purification are from solid adsorbent filter at outlet. It realizes zero water consumption and emission for handling the dry dust. The intelligent dry dust removal device is more energy saving, flexibility and easy to use.

Abstract: Three aquatic macrophytes (Acorus calamus, Lythrum salicaria and Sagittaria sagittifolia) were grown in monoculture to test the relative growth rate(RGR) and abilities of removing total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus (TP) by the manipulative indoor experiment. A nutrient treatment consisted of four levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) [low (14 mg L-1 N and 3 mg L-1 P) and high (56 mg L-1 N and 12 mg L-1 P)] of nutrient solution. Result revealed that the RGR of the species was significantly different, however nutrients had no significant affect on the RGR. Also the abilities of different macrophyte species to remove nitrogen and phosphorous contrast sharply with one another. The results showed that TN and TP in wastewater were significantly higher from unvegetated microcosms compared to vegetated. A. calamus was shown to be best removal effect with the removal rates of 96.4% and 71.5% at low and high concentrations of TN. Furthermore A. calamus was generally effective removal capacity of TP at low nutrient level, but the performance of L. salicaria at reducing phosphorus at high nutrient level was relatively high.

Abstract: The paper proposes a two-step evaluation process to assess the developed driving cycles for carbon dioxide emissions. The first step is to compare the driving operating mode distributions from developed driving cycles with real world ones. The second step is to predict the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by using the developed driving cycles under the latest version of MOVES, MOVES2010 framework, which are then compared with and evaluated by the real-world CO2 emissions. Evaluation results show that the driving cycles developed by the driving operating mode distribution measure result in more accurate CO2 emission estimations.

Abstract: In order to reduce power plant nitric oxide emission with gaining economical adsorbent, activated carbon was prepared from the raw materials of orange peel under different operating conditions in this paper. The methylene blue adsorption value of different activated carbon has also been tested, and the effects on the methylene blue adsorption performance of different dipping concentration, activation time and carbonization temperature were studied. The finding is that the dipping concentration has the most important impact on methylene blue adsorption value. The highest methylene blue adsorption value of orange peel activated carbon has shown as 277.746mg/g under the following conditions: phosphoric acid concentration was 40%, activation time was 12 hours and carbonization temperature was 500°C. It is a economically feasible absorbent material through a great deal of experiments and analysis.

Abstract: The production of functional activated carbon (AC) prepared from cheap agricultural biomass combustion residue rice husk ash (RHA) has been utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue from an aqueous solution was examined in this study. The RHA was subjected to a chemical pretreatment by ZnCl₂, followed by carbonization in a muffle. The experimental data were analyzed by the Freundlich models of adsorption. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich model. The rates of adsorption were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation.

Abstract: Alizarin Red (AR) has been shown to be effectively removed from aqueous solution using the ultrafine fly ash (UFA) prepared by ball milling from raw fly ash (FA), a low-cost industrial solid waste. The maximum removal rate was 91.04% in a solution of initial AR concentration of 700 mg/L, adsorption time of 60 min at pH 5.0 and temperature of 25°C. Compared with FA, the adsorption capacity of UFA is higher for AR removal. Effects of important parameters, contact time, adsorbate concentration, pH and temperature, were investigated. The UFA and AR-loaded UFA were characterized by FT-IR. The equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of AR adsorption onto UFA were evaluated. The AR uptake process followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation well, but the pseudo-first-order rate equation and intra-particle diffusion equation could only be applied to describe the initial stage of adsorption, furthermore, intra-particle diffusion might be the rate-controlling step of fast adsorption process. The sorption decreased with increasing temperature and the adsorption apparent activation energy was 8.28kJ/mol. Langmuir isotherm equation could better describe the adsorption equilibrium at different temperatures, compared with Freundlich model. Thermodynamic parameters, ΔG, ΔH and ΔS, were also calculated. The results inferred that the adsorption of AR/UFA system was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic nature of the process which was mainly controlled by physical adsorption.

Abstract: Perfluorocarbons have been widely used in the semiconductor industry. As highly potent global warming gases, they have extremely long atmospheric lifetime and intensive absorption ability of infrared radiation. Naturally, the abatement of PFCs becomes a critical environmental issue. In this paper, an effort is made to review the development of microwave plasma technology for the control of PFCs. Relevant studies indicate that microwave plasma has the advantage of high electron temperature and high electron density which is of great potential to PFCs abatement. Low pressure microwave plasma may interfere with the normal operation of semiconductor manufacturing processes. At atmospheric pressure, microwave plasmas exhibit high react performance with PFCs. The atmospheric pressure microwave plasma combined with catalyst can reduce the microwave power and increase the destruction and removal efficiency and energy efficiency. The combination technology has a good potential to be used as an integrated technology for abating PFCs from complicated gas streams of semiconductor manufacturing processes.