Advanced Materials Research Vols. 535-537

Abstract: Dye-sensitized solar cell has been attracting considerable attention all over the world. In this article, natural dyes were used to prepare nanoporous Tio2 dye-sensitized solar cell. The nature dyes can be extracted easily and then employed in the solar cell to reduce material cost. At the same times, the dyes were non-toxic, environmentally friendly and fully biodegradable. Black rice, curcuma and red cabbage were used to prepare the organic natural dyes. The best dyes obtained from red cabbage as chlorophyll dyes that have the efficiency of energy conversion 0.05%.

Abstract: A mixed lithium phosphate LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 as cathode material for lithium ion battery was synthesized by solid-state reaction. The crystalline structure, morphology of particles and electrochemical performances of the sample were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, charge-discharge test and cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the small LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 particles are simple pure olive-type phase structure with uniformly distribution of gain size. The LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 obtained has a high electrochemical capacity, good cycle ability and excellent stability under high temperature. However, the capacity loss corresponding to 4.0V plateau at high rate, which had been proved by various electrochemical tests, is the main obstacle to its practical application.

Abstract: Polycrystalline tetragonal Y-ZrO2 fibres were fabricated via sol-gel technique by the centrifugal filament method using zirconium oxychloride octahydrate as the raw material. The spinnable zirconia sol was obtained by concentrating the solution, which the molar ratios of H2O2/ZOC and HA/ZOC were 3.0 and 0.5-1.0, respectively. FT-IR, TG/DTA, XRD and SEM were used to characterize the chemical composition and morphology of zirconia fibres. The bridging bidentate coordination between the carboxyl group and zirconium polymer can promote the spinnability of sols. The polycrystalline zirconia fibres structures are metastable tetragonal phase after heat treatment at 1200°C in 1h. The distribution of fibres is not uniform with a diameter from 5 μm to 10 μm. The single fibre has a uniform diameter and smooth surface, without any defect on the surfaces. The grain size of ZrO2 fibers increases with the heat treatment temperature gradually.

Abstract: Polymer electrolyte is a good ion conductor in lithium-ion battery with an excellent performance in conductivity, ion mobility and ion transport number. Some researches show strengthening mechanisms of polymer electrolyte membranes correlated with macromolecules group weight of PEGDME such as concentration of compounded Li+ salt. Ion transport in glassy polymer electrolytes including polymer backbones with same mesogenic chains can affect amorphous structure and relaxation at ambient temperature. In addition, singe crystal structure polymer electrolytes have various internal microstructures and external properties such as conductivity and charge or discharge stability in electrochemical that correlating with layers of ion diffusion and forming.

Abstract: Thermoelectric module (TEM) systems proposed in this study adopts loop thermosyphon with TiO2-nanofluid as working fluid. The present experimental study is focused on the opt_{SubscrSubscript textipt text}imum operating condition of the TE system proposed to improve energy output and to obtain stable power generation to be used in future hybrid vehicles. The results of the present study indicate a possibility to use such loop thermosyphon TEMs for future thermoelectric hybrid automotive vehicles. The system showed the optimum performance with acetone with 50% charged amount as the working fluid for the TLT. The system with the new working fluid, nanofluids, neither improved its performance nor its stability.

Abstract: Effect of heat-treatment on the activity of nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied in both acid and alkaline electrolytes. The catalytic activity was found to depend strongly on the electrolyte and heat treatment temperature. High ORR activity was demonstrated on 40%NiPc/C electrode in 0.1M KOH solution, and the heat-treatment of 800oC is optimal for the catalyst synthesized. Further using rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements and Koutechy-Levich analysis, the overall electron transfer number in the catalyzed ORR on 40%NiPc/C was found to be 2.8, suggesting the catalyzed ORR proceeds via both the 2e- transfer reduction and the 4e- transfer reduction.

Abstract: This paper presents the results of the influence of mechanochemical treatment Karazhyrin coal on the yield of liquid products. Under the mechanochemical processing of coal along with the dispersion its activation is accompanied by significant structural changes of OMC. It is shown that the preliminary mechanochemical treatment contribute to the increase of the degree of conversion of coal in the process of hydrogenation. A more profound transformation of OMC is confirmed by an increase of the yield of liquid products, particularly, the content of the gasoline fraction is increasing.

Abstract: A novel biodiesel named curcas oil diethylene glycol ether esters (GDGEE) with higher oxygen content was prepared by refined curcas oil, methanol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether as the reaction and KOH as catalyst. The optimum synthesis conditions was determine by orthogonal test, that molar ratio of methanol to oil was 6:1, catalyst amount was 1.2% of feed oil, reaction temperature was 65°C, reaction time was 30min. Both FT-IR and 1H-NMR were used to analysis and validate the molecular structure of GDGEE after preparation. The Physicochemical properties including oil-soluble, smoke point, kinematic viscosity, pour point, copper corrosion and closed cup flash point, were all tested by the national standard method for GDGEE and its blends with 0# diesel oil. The results confirm that GDGEE owns good physicochemical properties which can be used as diesel fuel additives or be used instead of diesel fuel alone, so a certain application value of it can easy be know accepted.

Abstract: The energy is the important matter condition of the human survival and the development. Coal, petroleum, natural gas and other fossil energy support in 19 and twentieth Century in recent 200 years, the progress of human civilization and the development of economy and society,But coal, petroleum, natural gas and other non-renewable energy increasing consumption, not only make the mankind is faced with resource depletion pressure, but also feel the serious environmental problems threatening.At present, improving energy efficiency, development and utilization of renewable energy sources, protect the ecological environment, realizing sustainable development have become the common action of international renewable energy rich, clean, sustainable utilization. Strengthen the development and utilization of renewable energy, is to deal with the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems in the route one must take, also is the human society to realize the sustainable development of the route one must take.

Abstract: In order to find new ways to utilize agricultural residues corn stover, mixing corn stover, clay and coal to make coal-biomass honeycomb briquette was studied. The effects of shape-forming pressure, biomass proportion, binder’s dosage were investigated by orthogonal experiments. The results show that the factor’s levels have no significant influence on the combustion time of coal-biomass honeycomb briquette. Further experiments indicate that to make coal-biomass briquettes qualified for substituting the marketed coal briquettes the amount of corn stover can reach to 20 percent of the briquettes (dry mass basis) and the shape-forming pressure lowers to 5 MPa. If the content of the corn stover reaches more than 25%, Strength of the honeycomb briquettes will lower than 700 N which is the low limit of the state’s standard though other indexes have on substantial change. Without changing use habit and stove, honeycomb briquettes produced from coal and corn stover can replace the traditional coal briquettes for domestic use, which can be considered as one of the choices to dispose agricultural residues.