Advanced Materials Research Vols. 538-541

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is the largest contributor in regard of its emission amount contributing to 60 percent of global warming effects. Various methods are proposed and researched in CO2 separation and adsorption process is the most promising method. An overview of the adsorbents in the capture of CO2 by adsorption is presented in this paper and the focus is on the advances of mesoporous silicas functionalized by amino modification, coating and impregnation in CO2 capture. Future promising research directions in the CO2 adsorption by the mesoporous silicas are suggested.

Abstract: Coupling agent γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane（KH-570） was used as modifier to improve the superficial capacity of coal powder. Modified coal powder/thermoplastic butadiene-styrene rubber (SBS) composites were prepared by mixing procedure. The modified and unmodified coal powder and mechanical properties of composites were characterized and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measuring instrument(CAMI), sedimentation test, rubber process analyzer (RPA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that KH-570 can form chemical union with coal powder. The agglomeration of coal powder particles was effectively restricted after surface modification. The modified coal powder particles can be dispersed equally in rubber and form physical and chemical crosslinking structure with rubber.

Abstract: This research was aimed to achieve the better washing fastness of direct dyes using sol-gel after treatment. Early work indicates that the after treatments used to improve the wash fastness were affect the hue, rubbing and light fastness of direct dye and were environmentally hazardous because of containing formaldehyde and copper salts. The present process consists of simple pad-dry-cure method which is optimized. The prime focus of using sol-gel after-treatment is to make better wash fastness without affecting the properties discussed above. A series of nanosols were prepared from the selected silane derivatives, which were then applied on dyed cotton samples. Different tests were conducted on coated samples and compared to control. This method shows tremendous effect of increasing the washing fastness of direct dyes on cotton without essential loss of properties, such as hue, rubbing, light fastness and handle of the fabric.

Abstract: Levulinic acid has been identified as a promising green, biomass derived platform chemical. Since the availability of fossil resources diminishes, the conversion of carbohydrates to Levulinic acid has become increasingly important. ZSM-5 supported SO4²-/ZrO₂ solid acid catalyst have been applied for the dehydration of glucose to Levulinic acid. With ZSM-5 supported SO4²-/ZrO₂ solid acid as the catalyst, an optimized Levulinic acid yield was obtained at 180 °C for 2.5 h with 3 g ZSM-5 supported SO4²-/ZrO₂ catalyst solid acid catalys and the highest Levulinic acid yield was 55.035%.

Abstract: The Fe-V-Nb-RE(Ce) alloy was rapidly solidified with melt-spin method, and the nano-sized ribbon was gained with the rolling wheel speed of 45m/s.The microstructure and the grain size of the Fe-V-Nb-RE(Ce) inoculants were performed by SEM and XRD respectively. Subsequently the microstructure of the steel modified by the Fe-V-Nb-Re(Ce) inoculants was also studied. The results show that the average grain size of the nano-scale Fe-V-Nb-RE(Ce) inoculants obtained is 26.1nm and a large mounts of nucleation sites in the steel exist in the form of (V, Nb)C and FeCeSi which effectively increases the nucleation rate and bring about the refinement of austenite grains.

Abstract: The role of Fe on the grain refinement of high purity aluminium (HPAl) was investigated after adding commercial Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner rod. Experimental results show that with a 0.08% Fe addition, the grain structure at chill zone of the HPAl sample changes from coarse to fine equiaxed grains. More importantly, the grain size observed at the centre of the HPAl sample decreased from 500±50µm to 206±30µm. The improvement has been attributed to the interfacial segregation and solute concentration of the Fe at the solid-liquid interface.

Abstract: PVP[poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)]/SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate) complex was applied as a probe to study the effect of n-butanol on micellization behavior of SDS. It has been found that a critical concentration, namely cs, exists in the relative viscosity versus n-butanol concentration plot. As the n-butanol concentration is less than cs, the relative viscosity of solution containing PVP/SDS complex increased by adding n-butanol into solution successively. On the other hand, as the n-butanol concentration is greater than cs, the relative viscosity of solution containing PVP/SDS complex decreased by adding n-butanol into solution. The increase and the decrease of the relative viscosity of solution containing PVP/SDS complex in the presence of n-butanol is just due to the cosurfactant and the cosolvent effect on micellization behavior of SDS in aqueous solution. Further experimental results indicate that cs is dependent on SDS concentration.

Abstract: The positive photoresist AZ4620 was used for thick photoresist lithography of glass microfluidic chip. Different test temperature of soft baking, post exposure baking, hard baking, impacted the surface quality of photoresist layer, the adhesion of photoresist and glass matrix, the photoresist tolerance time, the etching rate and the maximum etching depth. The results show that the soft-bake temperature of 80°C improves the adhesion of the photoresist and the glass substrate well; PEB (post exposure bake) temperature of 60~70°Chelps to the quality of graphics after development; hard bake temperature of 80~90°Ccan conducive to a larger etching depth; through the controlling of heating temperature and mixing rate, it effectively improves the etching rate, increases the etching depth as well. It has been applied to the fast and high-volume production of a certain microfluidic detection chips.

Abstract: Silicon carbide with diffierent granularity was used as raw material, quartz, silica fume, aluminum powder or alumina was used as additive with dosages of 1% (in mass, similarly hereinafter), 3% and 5%. Silicon carbide refractory material was prepared in oxidizing atmosphere at 1400 °C for 3 h. Performence of samples were researched by measurements of apparent porosity, bulk density, bending strength at room temperature, thermal shock resistance and thermal expansion rate, and analyzed by SEM. The results showed that samples added silica fume have low thermal expansion rate and apparent porosity, high bending strength and bulk density, good thermal shock resistance, compact texture as well. It can be deduced that 5% silica fume plays the excellent role to improve integrated performance of silicon carbide refractory material.

Abstract: According to Chinese shale gas reservoir characteristics and its exploitation situation, based on principle of high energy gas fracturing, combined with theory on volume transformation technology of shale gas reservoir, the feasibility study of liquid explosive technology applied in volume fracturing transformation of shale gas reservoir is precede. Through analyzing action mechanism of liquid explosive technology, studying forming mechanism about multi-crack system produced in shale gas reservoir, and analyzing shale gas reservoir characteristics and drilling and completion technologies, etc., proving the feasibility of technological principle and process design about liquid explosive technology applied in volume transformation of shale gas reservoir, meanwhile, proposing the design adopts the technology combined hydraulic fracturing and liquid explosive together. Also advising to establish theoretical model and optimization design method through series of studying and experiments, and to do field test application, so as to provide a new technology way for its exploration and exploitation.