Advanced Materials Research Vols. 550-553

Abstract: For lead-zinc contaminated soil, the principles, characteristics and application of traditional soil remediation were summarized, such as solidification/stabilization, electromotive method, phytoremediation and biological methods. The feasibility of tartaric acid washing of soil contaminated by Pb and Zn was studied. It demonstrated that it is feasible to remediate the soil contaminated by Pb and Zn by tartaric acid washing. The content of Pb and Zn in the residual soil achieved the National Soil Environmental Quality Standards.

Abstract: Abstract: N,O-carboxymethyl chitosans (N,O-CMC) were synthesized using water as a solvent. The structure of N,O-CMC is characterized by IR and XRD. N,O-CMC was used as adsorbent for the removal of basic blue 71 dye based on response surface methodology (RSM) from aqueous solution. A standard RSM design named central composite design (CCD) was employed for experimental design and analysis of the results. The combined effect of pH, contact time and temperature on the dye removal was studied and optimized using response surface modeling. The optimum pH, temperature and contact time for the process were found to be 8, 10 °C, 140 min, respectively, and the corresponding dye removal was 100%.

Abstract: In this paper, comparison of the ion-exchange characteristics of removal cadmium (Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution was investigated. In the experiments, three strong cation-exchangers, 732 resin, K-1 fiber and ZB-1 fiber with sulfonate groups, weak cationic exchanger 724 resin with carboxylate groups and X-1 chelating fiber with diethylamino functional groups as well as the AK-22 amphoteric fiber with amino and carboxylate groups were used. In the pH value range from 2.0 to 7.0, all the candidate materials had the maximal removal Cd (Ⅱ) up to 98% except AK-22 (only 65%). The loading and eluting kinetics results showed that the exchange rate of ion-exchange fibers (especially ZB-1) were higher than ion-exchange resins. Therefore, it was found that ZB-1 ion-exchange fiber was the most effective for removal and elution of Cd (Ⅱ) and had the potential application for the purification of waters polluted by Cd (Ⅱ).

Abstract: Disinfection is essential for medical wastewater treatment. Concerns about environmental safety, pathogenic microorganisms need to be killed by qualified disinfectant without secondary pollution from medical wastewater treatment. Traditional chlorination is a main technique among current disinfection technologies. However, due to the hazardous byproducts, it is likely to be replaced by new technologies such as ultraviolet ray. In addition, membrane disinfection and electrochemical disinfection are emerging techniques with prosperous market.

Abstract: Hippuric acid as an important raw material used to synthesize medication and coloring matter, abound in urine of much animal, especially in cattle. Hippuric acid usually is letted into river and soil with the urine. But as its chemical stability, hippuric acid couldn’t be decomposed easily and pollute the environment. This research finds effectively liquid membrane to treat with such waste water such as breeding wastewater that contains high hippuric acid. In our study, the best liquid membrane was found by searching what and how much surface active agents and carrier are suitable, pH of out-water of the liquid membrane and concentration of NaOH in the in-water of liquid membrane. As the outcome shown, the best prescription is surface active agent T-151(2% mass fraction), liquid carrier TBP( 4% mass fraction), pH of out-water 2.0, concentration of NaOH in the in-water 0.50mol/L. Under the condition, extraction rate of hippuric acid from breeding wastewater can reach more than 98% during 9min.

Abstract: There was a certain amount of fibers in paper sludge, including the short fiber and small fiber. Collagen fiber was a compound with high bond energy, which can be reused from the leather solid waste, and contained many polar groups. Both fibers can be well combined with Hydrogen bond. So the collagen fiber and paper sludge were studied as raw materials, mixed with plant fiber, to make corrugated paper. The results showed that, when the wastes were used to make the corrugated paper, its central pressure indicators could reach its national standard.

Abstract: The exploitation of coal resources will lead to land damage and the emission of solid wastes, and will also lead to structural differences in mining wasteland, nutrient poor, low microbial activity, and vegetation planting difficult, causing serious environmental problems. Draw sludge into mine waste, construct different weight ratio of sludge, coal gangue and fly ash mining complex matrix, study the effect on the physical and chemical properties of composite matrix in mine lot which affected by mycorrhizal fungi through the soil property recover experiment of host plants inoculated with mycorrhizal clover ochratoxin, CIT. Preliminary studies show that inoculate mycorrhizal fungi and add appropriate amount of sludge can improve the matrix fertility in mine site, increase soil microbial activity and accelerate the process of mining land reclamation.

Abstract: This study use purely bacteria on suitable condition, eliminate other bacteria come in life-form bacteria. Through the orthogonal experiment obtains the optimum condition of sodium alginate fossilization bacillus subtilus pellet to chrome adsorption, and discusses the influence of single factor to the sodium alginate fossilization bacillus subtilus pellet to chrome adsorption, including the time, the temperature,pH, the initial adsorbent density, the speed of the shaker, the absorbent which the different periods of growth bacterium does, coexistent ion, desorption. From the research, we know the maximum adsorption rate to chrome is about 80%. Dynamics research indicated that in the several methods of the Sphingomonas-paucimobilis of chrome , the methods of embedded micro-organisms embodies much advantages ,as operating easily, effecting clearly, less pollution, costing low, etc.

Abstract: Abstract. With TiO₂ as photocatalyst, hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) as oxidant, treated the coal chemical wastewater under the condition of 30W UV lamp irradiation. Discussed the effects of those factors—pH, dosage of TiO₂ powder, dosage of FeCl₃, dosage of H₂O₂ and illumination time etc. on Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) removal rate of wastewater. The results have shown that: when taking the pH of raw water, TiO₂ 0.2g per 100ml wastewater, FeCl₃ 0.01g per 100ml wastewater, H₂O₂ 1.2 ml per 100ml wastewater, 5h illumination time, quiet place 3h, acquired the best photocatalytic effect. After treated under the optimum technological conditions, the COD removal rate reached 70.09%; the removal rate of Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD₅), ammonia nitrogen, cyanide and color reached respectively to 58.60%、39.99%, 72.41% and 90%. After repeated 10 times, all the active of TiO₂ was almost lost. With the regeneration treatment by high-temperature cauterization, the regenerated catalyst was added into the raw wastewater. Then under the optimum technological conditions, after illuminated 7h, the COD removal rate of wastewater recovered to 49.47%.

Abstract: Wastewater from automobile painting is characterized by complicated composition, high level of COD_Cr and poor biodegradability. In this experiment, it combines the physic-chemical method with the biological method together. At first, it pretreats the degreased wastewater and painting wastewater with chemical agents, after which the removal rate of the degreased wastewater is more than 50% and that of the painting wastewater is 60~80%. Then, the effluents together with electrophoresis wastewater were treated by the coagulation-flotation and SBR process technology, after which the removal rate of COD_Cr can reach over 80%, so as to achieve the primary standards (COD_Cr≤100mg/L; pH=7.0~7.5) of "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).