Advanced Materials Research Vols. 550-553

Abstract: Low field-nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was employed in this study to evaluate water mobility and distribution in beef granules during drying process due to its fast and nondestructive detection. Beef granules were dried in a blast drying oven at different temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) to a final moisture content around 21% after cooking. Results showed that it took about 150, 90 and 60 min for the samples dried at 40, 50 and 60 °C to get to the drying destination, respectively. The immobilized water was transformed into bound water with lower association degree and free water during drying at different conditions. Drying also resulted in a proportion increase of bound water; what’s more, the proportion of bound water is the largest when drying at 50 °C compared to 40 and 60 °C. After the drying destination was reached, the transverse relaxation time for bound water and immobilized water appeared significant change. It revealed that LF-NMR was an effective tool to assess water mobility and distribution during food drying process.

Abstract: Being as a China's environmental management policy Emissions trading system is an important innovation, it has been adopt for many years, but the initial allocation of emission rights is becoming a constraining bottleneck in the implementation of China's emissions trading depth. In this paper, tracing the initial allocation of emission rights at home and abroad related to the theory and practice based on the analysis of our initial allocation of emission rights by the current difficulties exist. This legislation recognized property rights from the environment. The environmental capacity of the scientific definition, and market-based emissions trading and other dimensions of proposed initial allocation of emission rights to promote a fair, impartial and efficient response to protect its trade measures to promote domestic emissions trading depth provides a new idea.

Abstract: The chemical products are easy to combust and explode when transported. Especially after traffic accidents, it will do more damage than other products. Taking the transportation of chemical products as research object, by summarizing cases in websites, this paper studies the spatial and temporal distribution of chemical traffic accidents in China. Based on Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, the paper compares and analyses the spatial and temporal distribution of 836 chemical traffic accidents from 2007 to 2011. This study demonstrates that the key control regions of chemical traffic accident in China are concentrated in Chongqing, Guizhou, Guangxi and Sichuan. Furthermore, the distribution and causes of chemical traffic accidents in the four provinces are conducted.

Abstract: Abstract. A quantitative method for selecting, organizing and structuring the content of chemistry courses is proposed in this article. The semantic structures method that is stated here is based on the informational model of intra-subject links. Information characteristics of the content of semantic structure of the concept of the rate of chemical reaction are also calculated in this article.

Abstract: A method for structuring and optimizing the content of chemistry courses on the basis of quantitative methods is proposed in this article. The concept of semantic status of the knowledge element in terms of semantic status of electron concepts is introduced here. Data characteristics of the substance of semantic status of the electron concept in chemistry and physics are also calculated an compared in this article.