Advanced Materials Research Vols. 550-553

Abstract: A standard was proposed to define the typhoon affecting the Taihu Basin (TATB) based on the typhoon source, landing location, moving path, typhoon-affected area and precipitation in the Taihu Basin. According to the definition, 230 typhoons were extracted from the 62 years observation data (1949-2010) to analyze the relationships between the characteristics of typhoon which affacted the Taihu Basin and the early relevant regional sea-surface temperature. The results showed the tendencies of the TATB frequency and the earliest affected time were no significant change throughout the long series of statistics; the latest affected time was postponed obviously throughout the long series of statistics; the change of typhoon frequency had two notable periods (21 years and 7 years), and the 21years period was relatively stable throughout the long series of statistics; when the spring of the sea-surface temperature (SST) of the west Pacific Ocean raised and the SST of the east Pacific Ocean near the equator decreased, easy to cause the frequency of the TATB might increase and vice versa TATB frequency decrease. The research results have a certain significance on the Taihu Basin flood control.

Abstract: In this paper, the waters including rivers and lakes along the Sino-Russian oil pipeline in China has been analyzed and potential emergent situations and its consequences (such as oil spills) has been discussed and conducted. Furthermore, measures in response to these consequences to deal with these emergent situations are also introduced, including engineering, Non-engineering and emergency management measures.

Abstract: Since the development and construction of Daqing City, groundwater resource has been their main water supply source. However, over-exploitation of the groundwater is causing a series of environmental and geological problems. Thus it is essential to ensure sustainable development of groundwater and control the worsening of groundwater related environmental problems in the City. Practical scenarios of groundwater recovery based on several different water resources artificial regulation scenarios are designed to reduce exploitation after the completion of water diversion from Nen River Expansion Project. These scenarios include three different exploitation reducing scenarios and scenarios of artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation. The simulation results of Visual Modflow indicate that both reducing exploitation and artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation can accelerate the recovery of groundwater table in the confined aquifer. Considering the speed of the recovery of groundwater and the impact of reducing exploitation on domestic, industrial and agricultural utilization of water resources, artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation Scenario B is better. Under this condition, the groundwater table of the confined aquifer in the center of depression cone will be recovered by 5 to 8 m up to the end of 2020.

Abstract: As high-fluoride poisoning is widespread in Guide Basin, formation mechanism study is of significance for local water quality improvement. Through analysis of regional geology, tectonics and petrography, the provenances are confirmed that metamorphic rocks from Archean to Lower Proterozoic periods are the original provenance of fluorine and the Miocene - Pliocene Guide Group stratum of fine lake sediments, which is rich in organic matter, is the secondary provenance. Moreover, confined groundwater occurring in the Guide Group stratum, which has a fluoride content of 0.32~4.57mg/L, is the main groundwater of high fluoride in the study area. The distribution of confined groundwater obviously controlled by the compression-tortion fault with NNW striking and tension-shear fault with NEE striking forms two abnormal centers. The anomaly area spreads around the NEE shear and forms an ellipse shape, which has a north-south width of 5km and a east-west length of approximately 10km. In further study, the distribution characteristics of high-fluoride groundwater in the plane is discovered generally to be consistent with the distribution of groundwater, and has a positive correlation with depth and temperature of boreholes. This phenomenon indicates that the high-fluoride groundwater is likely controlled by the geothermal anomaly, and the geological effects of thermal dynamics may play an important role in the control of fluorine in enrichment, migration and transformation.

Abstract: By analyzing the collecting data comprehensively, carrying out a field reconnaissance and the Application of comprehensive method in on Groundwater Exploration in Bedrock mountain area in Huishui town in Guizhou province using the hydrogeological method, major work in the research area is introduced in this paper. According to lithological characteristics and structure development, the geophysical exploration method was selected and workload was arranged reasonably. Thereby the best well location was optimized and the depth of well was determined. They provided detailed and reliable geologic basis for launching hydrogeological drilling. This method was economical and practical. The well was located with high speed and high efficiency. This method played an important role in the regional emergence groundwater exploration in drought control.

Abstract: As the most remote river in the North of China, Heilong (Amur) River have an abundant precipitation in the basin and a rich runoff. Due to the special transnational spanned geographic location, Heilong (Amur) basin 's borders, water rights, regional water resources development are a big concern. Due to lack of multinational management and information, analysis of characteristic of Heilong (Amur) watershed's hydrology and water resources are not enough. In order to serve the water resources development and water security, and to better understand the state of hydrology and water resources in Heilong River, this article make a reference to the Heilong River Hydrographic and the research of hydrologic data about Heilong River, detailed analyzed the characteristics of hydrology and water resources. For reference to scientists of geography, water conservancy and hydropower who are interested in Heilong River's hydrographic.

Abstract: Following the projects of groundwater exploration in Southwest areas of serious water shortage issued by Ministry of Land and Natural Resources in 2009, water exploration was carried out on the basis of comprehensive analysis and study of geology and hydrogeology in this area. Field investigation was conducted, and according to the landforms feature and stratum outcrop, key project spots were determined, combining with the geophysical methods to confirm the development of water-rich belt, optimize the location of holes and design the depth of holes, carry out hydrogeological drilling and pumping test for steady flow. This paper took drought-resistance wells in Zhenfeng County of Guizhou Province as successful typical examples of finding water, and briefly introduced the main methods, technical routes adopted in the water exploration and the results achieved.

Abstract: The wavelet analysis and fractal theory into the analysis of hydrological time series, fluctuations in hydrological runoff sequence given the complexity of the measurement methods--- fractal dimension. The real monthly runoffs of 28 years from Songhua River basin in Harbin station are selected as research target. Wavelet transform combined with spectrum method is used to calculate the fractal dimension of runoff. Moreover, the result demonstrates that the runoff in Songhua River basin has the characteristic of self-similarity, and the complexity of runoff in the Songhua River basin in Harbin station is described quantificationally.

Abstract: There has been a long history for the ice disaster in the Yellow River, and monitoring methods at present relatively backward. Therefore, an effective real-time monitoring method is especially important. Currently we cannot get some important parameters, for example the ice density, which is needed by the hazard prediction model of early warning accurately and validly. This paper will put forward a new method which is to for access the ice density based on the modified C-V model .By Using the C-V model which is joined with gradient information and accelerating factor, we can identify the target and segment the ice images of Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River which is collected by the UAV. The Yellow River regime is not only more complicated but also have the characteristics of high sediment content. Several sections of Yellow River’s water is muddy. Target is difficult to identify. In addition to this the ice shape is very irregular. Therefor by using of the traditional image edge detection technology and original C-V model can fail to effectively identify ice. Nevertheless, the improved C-V model mentioned above can solve such problems effectively. The experimental results also prove that the algorithm is robust and effective.

Abstract: In the fieldwork in the Great Khingan Mountains, it is practical and easy to distinguish permafrost region or talik region by analyzing the characteristics of the plants growing on them. Generally speaking, permafrost there tends to degenerate from south to north, but there are some individual places where remind original ecology of permafrost. After permafrost degenerate into the talik region, the condition of plant growth has changed. We can distinguish permafrost and talik region by the difference of plants growing status there. Some common species that specifically grow in permafrost or talik region have also been listed and introduced in this paper. Specifically, plants growing in permafrost region include larix gmelini, birch, vaccinium uliginosum, ledum palustre, vaccinium vitis-idaea, bilberry, pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica litv, low birch thicket, adina racemosa and so on. Meanwhile the plants live in talik region include peridium aquilinum, xylosma racemosum, daylily, milkvetch. The list of plants can be used to distinguish permafrost region and talik in the field. It is crucial for constructions to recognize if the construction area is permafrost or talik region. The change of talik has its two sides to constructions. On the upside, it can increase groundwater storage, and we can regard the future projects as thawing projects. On the downside, existing projects would arise thawing settlement.