Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: It is a trend to reduce multiple pollutant emissions simultaneously by one kind of reduction policies or measures, as the pollution control and emission reduction are in a grim situation in China. And the synergistic effect research of the reduction measures is the basis which can help make the correct measures. The paper first shows the definition of the synergistic effect, then, elaborates the relationship between the reduction measures and the synergistic effect. Besides, the development and the evaluation methods of the reduction measures are also illustrated. Finally, some reasonable suggestions on research of the synergistic effect are given.

Abstract: Iron and Steel industry, as one of the pillar industries in national economy of China, is a typical resource, energy and pollution intensive industry. During the 12th Five-Year Plan, it would be very difficult to achieve the pollutants emission reduction goal if iron and steel industry still carries on the way that treatment and control of different pollutants in different methods, which would also result in substantive economic cost. This article, based on the current research on the application of synergies in China and developed countries, and also on the development of pollutants synergies reduction in iron and steel industry, analyzed the prospect of synergies reduction in iron and steel industry.

Abstract: This study investigated the treatment of methyl orange dye from aqueous solution with granular activated carbon as sorbents. Adsorption experiments were carried out at different contact time, the dosage of granular activated carbon, pH and initial dye concentration.Orthogonal experiment was designed to analyze the influence degree of operating parameters for optimizing adsorption process. The results demonstrated that the dosage of granular activated carbon had the greatest impact on the removal efficiency of methyl orange , followed by pH, contact time and initial concentration of methyl orange . The granular activated carbon possessed good adsorption capacity to methyl orange which the removal efficiency could reached 98.06% at the optimum dosage 4g and optimum time 90min.

Abstract: It was found that cement can immobilize the heavy metals of hospital waste incineration fly ash. Based on this, a method of hospital waste fly ash management with cement solidification was proposed. In the nature hospital waste incineration fly ash, the leachate concentration of Zn (279.2 mg/L) and Pb (19.88 mg/L)) exceed the regulatory limit for the TCLP test. In the cement solidified fly ash, the leachate concentration of Zn was in excess of the standard limit while the leachate concentration of Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb were under the limit of the standard, and the leachate concentration of the heavy metals decreased with the increase of curing time (experimental curing time from 3 days to 28 days）and cement rate (cement rate was respectively 40%, 50% and 60% in the experiment).

Abstract: Experiments proved that asphalt and chemical additives can immobilize the heavy metals of hospital waste incineraten fly ash, and asphalt and chemical additive in combination can arrive better solidification effect than asphalt singly. In the nature hospital waste incineraten fly ash, the leachate concentration of Zn and Pb were significantly higher than the regulatory limit by TCLP test while the leachate concentration of Zn, Cd and Pb were respectively in excess of the regulatory limit of GB5086-1997 in China. In the solidified hospital waste incineraten fly ash with asphalt and chemical additive (four experimental chemical additives of Na2S, NaOH, Na3PO4 and the mixture of Na2S and NaOH ) in combination, the leachate rate of the heavy metals decreased with the increase of chemical additives rate in solidified fly ash. Chemical additives rate of 3% were selected for the solidification effect and economics of the application, and the leachate concentration of 5 tested heavy metals were under the limit of the standard by TCLP and GB5086-1997 of China.

Abstract: The photovoltaic enterprise in Shanxi Province uses the process of biological contact oxidation-coagulation sedimentation to treat enterprise production wastewater and domestic wastewater. By commissioning and operating, the process is characterized by feasible process and easy management, low operational cost and stable treatment efficiency. The effluent water quality can meet the first grade of “Integrated Sewage Emission Standard” (GB 8978-1996).

Abstract: Medium sand was selected as simulation medium. Benzene was chosen as the target pollutant. Soil column simulation experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of influencing factors such as aeration rate, medium permeability and air injection mode on benzene removal efficiency in groundwater. The results showed that the aeration rate and medium permeability affected AS remediation efficiency significantly. The benzene removal efficiency increased with the aeration rate. When the aeration rate exceeded 300 mL•min-1, the removal efficiency did not increase any more. The bigger the hydraulic conductivity was, the higher removal efficiency of benzene was. In the same operation condition, pulsed intermittent air injection had advantages over continuous air injection for benzene •remediation in the medium sand with low hydraulic conductivity.

Abstract: Zhaoyuan city, Shandong Province, is a city rich in mineral resources. In order to study the pollution characteristics of chrome in soil around gold mining area near Zhaoyuan City, the surface soil samples were gathered. The chrome content in soil samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrometric method. The results show that the range of chrome contents in surface soil around gold mining areas are from 7.54mg/kg to 54.23mg/kg, with the average content being 23.11mg/kg. There is an obvious positive correlation between the chrome contents in the surface soil samples and their corresponding value of the organic matter, and there is no relationship between the chrome content in soils and their corresponding value of pH and CEC. The result indicated that chrome pollution of surface soil in gold mining areas is not particularly serious.

Abstract: Fractionation of heterotrophic bacteria (HB), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in a full-scale Unitank wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were analyzed based on oxygen utilization rate (OUR) test, and the effect of simultaneous chemical phosphorus removal on microbial activity was investigated by adding aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride to activated sludge. Proportions of HB, AOB and NOB in the full-scale Unitank WWTP were 67.0%, 21.0% and 12.0%, respectively. 12.5mg Al³⁺ showed significant inhibition of microbial activity, and inhibitory ratios on HB, AOB and NOB were19.6%, 11.5% and 29.0%, respectively. Nevertheless, the inhibitory ratios of 13.8mg/L Fe³⁺ on HB, AOB and NOB were 4.1%, 5.5% and 4.8%, respectively. Al salt demonstrated much higher inhibitory effects on microbial activities than ferric salt, and the inhibition of Al salt on NOB is dominant in the nitrification process.

Abstract: It is the most effective resource use practices for coal slurry to be used as fuel for fluidized bed boiler. The dry desulfurization of slurry fluidized bed boiler is a large time delay system, and the load disturbance of this system changes frequently. In order to achieve stable control of SO2 emission and meet environmental requirements, a fuzzy control technology combined with the optimal feed-forward was designed. Combined with field experience, a fuzzy controller system was designed by fuzzy control technology, and then the integral process was added to achieve non-error track. To reduce the impact of desulfurizer and other factors, based on the principle of feed-forward, an objective to minimize disturbance impact was obtained, and then a nonlinear programming problem for solving the optimal feed-forward parameters was established, from which the best feed-forward form can be obtained. Results of 440T/H fluidized bed boiler show that the proposed method has satisfactory control effect. SO2 concentration can fully meet environmental emission requirements, and its fluctuation is relatively small.