Advanced Materials Research Vols. 634-638

Abstract: The surfaces of three China coals varying widely in coal type(Baode,Xiangshan,Jincheng) have been modified by adsorption of three surfactants( Sodium dodecyl sulfate,Polyethoxylated fatty alcohols,Alkyl phenol gather oxygen vinyl ether).The impact about coals of the surfactant has been explored by correlating three chemical characterisation techniques.Changes in coal surface hydrophobicity were assessed using contact angle measurements at the coal/water interface.The largest variation in zeta potential resulting from addition of surfactants was seen for the higher rank coals.The Specific surface area decreased when surfactants were present.

Abstract: Molding biomass’s carbonization homogeneity was studied through doing research on temperature difference of surface and inside of biomass by making experiments. Molding biomass’s size is larger than that of small dimension biomass and carbonization in whole biomass is different to some extent. But endothermic and exothermic effect in pyrolysis process and mass transfer of volatile are beneficial to carbonization homogeneity. When biomass average heating rate becomes larger, the maximum temperature difference of surface and inside becomes larger, besides that the temperature of biomass is higher when molding biomass’s carbonization is homogeneous. Maximum temperature differences were 30, 76, 137 °C respectively when biomass average heating rates were 5, 10, 20 °C/min. In order to ensure homogeneity, carbonization should reach the temperature which lignin decomposes strongly at releasing heat violently. Carbonization temperature should be higher than 450 °C. Besides, biomass average heating rate shouldn’t be too high and it should be under 20 °C /min.

Abstract: The preparation of biodiesel using a scientific microwave apparatus offers a fast, easy route to this biofuel with advantages of a short reaction time, a low oil/methanol ratio, and an ease of operation. The methodology can be utilized with new or used vegetable oil and with methanol or ethanol with a 1:6 ratio of oil/alcohol.

Abstract: A new mechanism of saving energy and reducing pollution is brought forward by analyzing water characters in high temperature condition and all factors which bring saving energy and reducing pollution in the combustion process of emulsification oil. The theory shows that the reason of saving energy and reducing pollution is that emulsification oil can reduce surplus air ratio effectively in the combustion process. These reasons include that of improving the burning flame temperature, avoiding the local super-high temperature, decreasing the amount of NOX and the conversion of SO2 oxidize to SO3, strengthening the burning and heat transmission and reducing the soot of the flue gas.By this new theory, the reasons of saving energy and reducing pollution in the combustion process of emulsification gasoline, emulsification diesel oil, emulsification heavy oil and other slurry fuel of W/O or O/W can be well explained. At the same time, the new mechanism was well validated in the combustion process of hard asphalt water slurry.

Abstract: The combustion kinetics and characteristics of vanadium containing shale were studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer and drop tube furnace. The results indicate that vanadium containing shale has a high ignition temperature and a poor stable-combustion characteristic. At the same time, it is found that the optimum reaction temperature of de-carbon is 1273 K. Moreover, the kinetic parameters are calculated by isoconversional method at different reaction stages.

Abstract: In this work, γ-Al₂O₃ coated ceramic membrane (CM) was prepared by dip-coating technique and used as a catalyst support for biodiesel production. The effects of the properties of the slurry were investigated on the γ-Al₂O₃ coating. KF/Al₂O₃/CM was prepared by γ-Al₂O₃/CM impragnated with KF solution. The samples were studied in the transesterification of palm oil with methanol. Experimental results showed that the solid content and density of the aluminum sol had significant influences on the amount and stability of the γ-Al₂O₃ coating. KF/γ-Al₂O₃/CM showed a high activity and reusability in the transesterification. This work provided a way to prepare alkaline ceramic membrane which can be used in the membrane reactor to produce biodiesel.

Abstract: In this current paper, the influence of system efficiency and system parameters for simple compressed energy storage system were studied. EES software is used to simulate the pressure of system and efficiency of compressors, expanders, and pump for getting the optimal parameters of system. The results show that: for the simple system, when the expander inlet pressure is 6000kPa and compressor outlet pressure is 4000kPa, the system efficiency could get the maximum, and it is 76.2%. It is a better way for improving the efficiency of compressor and expander than the pump for system performance.

Abstract: The pyrolysis of bamboo waste has been investigated. The effects of carbonization temperature, heating rate and carbonization time on characters of biomass carbonization was investigated by the orthogonal design. The optimized operating condition of bamboo waste was achieved by the analysis of variance: the carbonization temperature is 400 °C, the heating rate is 10 °C /min, the carbonization time is 60min.The yield of bamboo waste under the optimized operating conditions is 31.8%, and ash is 3.9%. The thermogravimetric analysis of the bamboo waste was carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The analysis of TG and DSC curves indicates that the pyrolysis of bamboo waste should be divided into four steps: the dryness is below120 °C, from 120 to 240°C is preheating section, and pyrolysis occurs at 230 to 370 °C and after 370 °C is carbonization process.

Abstract: This paper introduces several kinds of reactors for methane catalytic combustion. Furthermore, we briefly summarize and compare advantages, disadvantages, research progresses and experimental applications of fixed-bed reactor, catalytic fluidized-bed reactor, catalytic reverse flow reactor, micro-channel reactor and catalytic membrane reactor for methane catalytic combustion.

Abstract: Biodiesel can be used as an alternative diesel fuel, but its physical and chemical properties determine its storage and transport and the use of management, according to its particular characteristics different from diesel fuel, this article analyzes the various characteristics and bio-diesel engine on the car the use of features, and thus summed up the bio-diesel in logistics management, to pay attention to specific issues.