Advanced Materials Research Vol. 670

Abstract: TRIZ is a comprehensive theoretical system composed of a variety of methods and algorithms to solve technical problems and achieve innovative development. In this paper, the definition of TRIZ theory, ideality and the problem-solving methods in TRIZ including physical contradictions and technical contradictions, 39 general engineering parameters and contradiction matrix were firstly explained, and then in order to solve the existing problems of high energy consumption and small power in cutting part with Shearer, the TRIZ theory and the Computer Aided Software Pro/Innovator were applied to design innovation scheme. The Ideality of the technical system was defined. From the expression, the contradictions were revealed in improving the degree of ideality. To make the technical problem further solved, it was analyzed and decomposed in the three directions of system, operation, cause and effect. According to the specific decomposed result, the parameters of improvement and subsequent deterioration from the view of ideality were analyzed and determined, and finally the innovation schemes of cutting part were put forward using the tool of contradiction matrix and innovative principles.

Abstract: In practical production, the evaluation method of tool life that heavy forging shell ring is in hogging machining compare the length of its processing surface in a single direction, the method considers neither the actual cutting distance of cutting tool, nor the impact times sustained by the cutting tool, this paper provides a new method of tool life evaluation based on image processing technology. Through collecting images of processing surface of the work-piece, which contains the different colors and brightness caused by processed and unprocessed, and image processing, analysis and calculation, the new method can accomplish the calculation about the effective cutting distance of cutting tool and the number of impact force about cutting tool, it will be more scientific and more reasonable evaluation method of tool life. Finally, one example is given. New method can be used to provide accurate evaluation of tool life and material machinability for the machining of large forgings.

Abstract: Shot peening pressure, nozzle scanning velocity, and target distance were chosen as effect factors when shot peening test to 45 steel and 2Al1 aluminum alloy material was made by water jet. Adopted stylus method for measuring shot peening surface roughness Ra and Ry, observed macroscopically shape character of shot peening surface by scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that shot peening pressure, nozzle scanning velocity, target distance caused uniform effect rules on shot peening surface roughness of 45 steel and 2Al1 aluminum alloy material, surface roughness Ra augments as the increase of shot peening pressure and minishs as the increase of scanning velocity, furthermore, there exists the biggest surface roughness target distance. When shot peening target distance was less than the biggest surface roughness target distance, surface roughness Ra and Ry tend to augment as the increase of target distance and inversely proportional to the material strength. When gives less original surface roughness and lower shot peening pressure, it’s not suitable for using Ry to represent shot peening surface roughness but Ra. When shot peened excessively, the surface of the material occurred body exfoliation and corrosion.

Abstract: Human eyes is an imperfect imaging system that has various aberrations such as on axis and off axis aberrations, which often affect the imaging quality of retina. However, the available aberration methods are mainly concerned with on-axis aberration measurement, which include defocusing, astigmation, and some higher order aberration measurements. Therefore, off-axis aberration measurement under the principle of Hartmann-Shack sensor is proposed in this paper with an empirical study, the results of which showed that the imaging quality of human eyes’ peripheral field decreased with the enlargement of off axis angle. The enlargement of human eyes’ off axis aberration and the decrease of photosensory cell density of the peripheral field are two reasons for such a result.

Abstract: Using the model of micropolar generalized magneto-thermo-elasticity, the coupled transverse and micro-rotational wave at an interface between two micropolar solid mediums is discussed in the presence of a constant magnetic field. The model can be applied to the coupled theory as well as to five generalizations: the Lord-Shulman theory with one relaxation time, the Green-Lindsay theory with two relaxation times, the Green-Naghdi theories of type II(without energy dissipation) and of type III, and the theory with dual-phase-lag. Using continuous conditions at the interface, the amplitude ratios of reflected and refracted longitudinal displacement waves, longitudinal micro-rotational waves and the coupled transverse and micro-rotational waves are studied for incident coupled transverse and micro-rotational wave. The effect of thermal relaxation is discussed for C-D theory, G-L theory and L-S theory. The numerical results show that the effects of thermal relaxation times are very significant on the amplitude ratios.

Abstract: In the development of a three-dimensional measurement system, binocular stereo matching is the most important and difficult. In the basis of introducing selective principles of matching algorithm, a new stereo matching algorithm for binocular vision is put forward that is named noncoded difference measuring distance. The algorithm effectively grapples with the problem of searching for the coincidence relation of raster and can efficiently and accurately obtain three-dimensional world coordinates of the entities. Experiment results show that this 3D measuring machine can effectively measure the 3D solid profile of free surface. During the evaluation test for accuracy, scan a standard plane. Fit all 3D points in one plane, and then the flatness value of this plane is obtained. The flatness value of the standard plane has been ultimately measured as: ± 0.0462mm, this measuring accuracy can completely satisfy the requirements of rapid prototyping or CNC machining, it as well as achieves the stated accuracy (± 0.05mm).

Abstract: The model transformation from Computation Independent Model (CIM) to Platform Independent Model (PIM) level is one of the crucial and difficult points in the implementation process of model-driven Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. For achieving the semantic conforming transformation between these two abstract modeling levels in Model Driven Architecture (MDA), a model transformation method based on ontology technology was proposed, which was a semi-automatic and general method. Firstly, the existing problems of model transformation from CIM level to PIM level in current studies were analyzed. Then, a model transformation framework based on ontology was built, the basic concepts relating to ontology were defined, and the whole architecture was described. After that, the transformation method was researched from two parts, the discovering of mapping rules and the occurrence of model transformation, which included the discovering technology of mapping rules based on similarity and the working principles of model transformation generator. Finally, a model transformation example was provided for validating the practicability and feasibility of proposed theories.

Abstract: The article takes listed companies as research samples. Firstly, it selects 36 ST or *ST companies listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange Market, who received special treatment during 2007 to 2009 for the first time and it also chooses another 36 normal companies as paired ones. Then, after using Factor analysis for identifying indexes, the paper go on with utilizing logistic to structure a financial long-term warning model. To verify the effectiveness of the model, the paper selects another 12 financial crisis companies and 12 financial fit companies to test. The results come out to show that establishing an effective long-term financial early-warning system helps enterprises to avoid financial crisis.

Abstract: Bubbles in vacuum casting process are dense, tiny and overlapped. The difference between bubbles and the background is so indistinct that makes bubble detection a great difficulty. Bubble elimination has become the main obstacle in the way of vacuum casting machine’s automation development. Bubble automatic detection is the base of bubble elimination. A machine vision bubble on-line detecting and eliminating platform is constructed, using industrial high-speed CCD camera and professional LED illumination. According to the features of vacuum casting bubbles, the edge pixel ratio algorithm is designed especially for vacuum casting bubble detection. The algorithm is realized using VC++ and Open CV. The integrated system proposed can detect and eliminate vacuum casting bubbles on-line automatically. As it’s confirmed, there is an obviously positive correlation between the edge pixel ratio and the bubble denseness. This detection system makes sense in vacuum casting bubble elimination.

Abstract: Based on milling experiment to explore the transformation and stress condition in the process of cutting of the thin-wall part made by aviation aluminum alloy, and then get data from the milling experiment through altering the axial cutting depth Ap=1 mm (a=1 mm), cutting radius Ae, spindle speed n and feed per tooth for milling force fz. Considering the milling force coefficient affected by each milling parameters, the orthogonal experiment of four factors and four levels are designed, and the milling coefficient is solved by MATLAB. The results indicates that the axial cutting depth Ap=1 mm (a=1 mm), the cutting force Fx increases with increasing in feedrate per tooth fz (c). the feedrate per tooth fz=0.03 mm (c=0.03 mm), the cutting force Fx increases with increasing in the axial cutting depth Ap. The discipline that the milling coefficient has an influence on milling force is obtained from the research which can provide the reference on the purpose of optimizing milling coefficient.