Advanced Materials Research Vols. 690-693

Abstract: Life system behaves self-similar properties from microcosms to macrostructure. Based on the cell growth roles, the cell cluster growth process is simulated. The sandbox method and box counting are used for determining the fractal dimension of cell associated with the geometrical structure of growing deterministic fractals. The fractal dimension of cell shape is estimated according to the slope of line between the numbers of boxes and box size in double logarithm coordinates.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to optimize the variables which affect the protein content of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with multi-strain in solid state condition. Response surface methodology (Box-behnken design) was used to design the experiments. Also, the effects of each factor and their interactions on protein content were analyzed. Regression equation between the influencing factors (moisture content, inoculation ratio and fermentation period) and the response value (protein content) was established and the results revealed that the optimal conditions were 56% moisture content, 9.5% inoculation ratio and fermentation periods was 43.5 h. Under these conditions, the actual protein content of FSBM reached 56.96%, which was very close to the predicted value (57.08%). The good correlation between predicted and actual values proved the validity of the response model.

Abstract: In this study, the optimization of soybean meal by solid state fermentation was investigated using temperature of start, the ratio of material to water and inoculums concentration. This work showed that temperature and moisture are the factors that most strongly influence SSF by Bacillus subtilis BS-GA15 using soybean meal as substrate. The growth conditions that optimize degree of hydrolysis production are temperature of start at 30 °C, soybean meal and water at a ratio of 1:1.0(w/w), and inoculums concentration at 10%. In optimum conditions degree of hydrolysis of 13.14% was obtained.

Abstract: Using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, the chitin has been oxidized under a certain conditions. And then the IR and SEM of product has been tested, and the results show that hydroxyl group can be transform carbonyl group. What’s more, the oxidation reaction occurred not only in the surface of chitin, but also in its interior. Owing to the reaction of carbonyl group in the oxidation product, this chitin derivatives was applied to cross link with gelatin material, and the properties of modified gelatin film then has been tested. The results of Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) show that the denaturation temperature of composite gelatin film has been enhanced to 109.8°C, and its swelling rate also has been slow, which ensure the stability as a kind of biomaterials, such as microcapsule and microspheres. And the time of native gelatin film achieving equilibrium swelling state is 9 minutes, and the time is 14 minutes for composite film, which means the oxidized chitin can delay the complete swelling rate. And the equilibrium swelling ratio of native gelatin film is larger than that of composite film. Therefore, the composite film will have a good prospects as a kind of potential biomedical.

Abstract: Tomato fruit ripening mutant colorless non-ripening (Cnr) is an autosomal dominant mutant, obtained by natural mutation. The fruit of Cnr mutant was obviously immature, and the softening and lycopene accumulation of the Cnr fruit was significantly inhibited during the fruit ripening. In this work, we cloned the Cnr gene from the red ripe tomato fruit by RT-PCR, and constructed a prokaryotic expression vector. And the recombinant Cnr protein was induced by 1 mM IPTG in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and purified by MBP affinity chromatography.

Abstract: Study on extract protein from long-term room temperature storage of wheat straw,utilize L9(34) Orthogonal experiment on the basis of single factor test.Study the impact of extraction time,extraction temperature and solid-liquid ratio on protein extraction yield of wheat straw.Result show factors affect wheat straw protein extraction rate in the order of extraction time>extraction temperature>liquid ratio>blank test,the optimal conditions is 50°C, the solid-liquid ratio 1:20 extract for 12 hours.Measured extraction yield is 21.761%.

Abstract: The oxidation of phenanthrene with TBHP into phenanthrenequinone has been studied. Reaction conditions were investigated by orthogonal test, and main technical parameters optimized. The optimum preparation conditions of TBHP were as follows: molar ratio of H2O2 to tert-butyl alcohol: 2:1; molar ratio of H2SO4 to tert-butyl alcohol: 0.4:1; reaction temperature: 60°C; reaction time: 4 h. And for the preparation of phenanthrenequinone the optimum conditions: molar ratio of TBHP to phenanthrene: 5:1; MoO2(acac)2 (catalyster) content: 0.05g(per 5g phenanthrene); reaction time: 4h.

Abstract: 1,1,2,3,3-Pentamethylindane was synthesized by alkylation of tert-amyl alcohol and α–methylstyrene (AMS) using sulfuric acid and sulfolane as catalyst. The effect of the volume of sulfolane on the selectivity for the cross-dimerization as compared to the dimerzation of the AMS was studied. The result shows that the selectivity increased by 32% after adding even 1 ml of sulfolane as solvent.

Abstract: The objective of this research was to study and develop bio-charcoal from agricultural wastes. The prototype machine consisted of a mixing tank, a screw conveyor, a hopper, a screw pressing unit, a transmission unit and a main frame. Three types of charcoal powder (cassava stump coal, assorted wood coal and coconut-shell coal) and three screw pressing speeds (115, 130 and 145 rpm) were studied. The experimental results indicated that the prototype gave the best combination of using a feed rate of 140 kg/h, screw pressing speed of 145 rpm and a mixing ratio by weight of assorted wood coal: coconut-shell coal: cassava starch: water content of 0.5: 0.5: 0.15: 1. The machine had a working capacity of 131.5 kg/h, specific energy consumption of 16.16 W-h/kg, bulk density of 676.0 kg/m³, compressive strength of 0.235 MPa, heating value of 5527.3 cal/g and utilization efficiency of 27.79-29.56 %. The charcoal block length, outer diameter and inner diameter were 15.01±1.62 cm, 4.12±0.05 cm and 1.23±0.12 cm respectively at an average moisture content of 7.31 % (db.).

Abstract: Chinese small cabbage (Brassica rapa L.Chinensis Group.), is one of Shanghai special vegetables, whose storage qualities were rarely studied by domestic researchers yet. Hence for, physical and chemical indexes of Chinese small cabbage ( harvested in Lingang new city, Shanghai) stored at temperature 2 °C, 6 °C, 10 °C, 15°Cwere determined in this study. It was shown that as temperature lower, the degradation rate of reduced ascorbic acid and chlorophyll were smaller, respiratory rate and weight loss rate rate were lower. Taking into account the quality of Chinese small cabbage in the whole experiment process stored at a single temperature concerned, degradation rate of nutrients , such as, reduced ascorbic acid and chlorophyll were more and more smaller. Due to environmental stress effect, total phenolic content was increased at first days, and then decreased as antioxidant capacity reducing. On the other hand, respiratory rate increased along with blade decay which was caused by injury breathing and moisture loss leading enhancement of hydrolase activity. Changes of chrome parameters like L*, a*, b*,BI, h*and E had positive correlation with physiological quality. Overall, low temperature inhibits the physiological activities of the Chinese small cabbage and prolongs the shelf life, but chilling injury should be paid attention to.