Advanced Materials Research Vols. 724-725

Abstract: In order to improve the calorific value of biological oils and reduce its corrosiveness, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide are added as reactants and carboxylic acid used to induce separation. This paper investigates the effects of using different magnesium oxide/calcium oxide molar ratios on the calorific value of bio-oil. Analysis of the results show that adding magnesia alone improves the quality of the water phase and the calorific value of the bio-oil. A MgO/CaO mole ratio of 9:1 improves the pH of the bio-oil from 2.5 to 6.5 and achieves a phase separation of m (oil phase) / m (water phase) = 75:25, as well as increasing the heating value of the oil by 19.29% from 16.819 MJ/kg to 20.063 MJ/kg. Note that MgO/CaO mole ratios with calcium oxide ratios greater than 9:1, only slightly increase the heating value of bio-oil overt the raw non-separated oil.

Abstract: In this paper, three typical test methods for thermal efficiency of biomass stoves were discussed. The effect factors such as operation process, test ending time, pot sizes, amount of water on the thermal efficiency of domestic biomass cookstoves were studied. The results show that the test ending time and the amount of water used have major impacts on thermal efficiency. The amount of water is in positive correlation with the thermal efficiency of the stove (R=0.92) when the heat needed for the selected amount of water is less than actual power output of stoves. The thermal efficiency is more controllable and accurate when the test ending time is 2 °C lower than the boiling point and the amount of water is selected according to the actual power output of stoves.

Abstract: To establish the biogas heater burner 3D virtual design platform with the software of Solidworks, a new type of biogas burner is developed using the 3D virtual design platform ,including base 1, nozzle device 2, venturi 3, premixing device 4 and burner nozzle 5, elaborated on the structure characteristics of key component nozzle device how to realize the biogas source of instability, pressure and flow fluctuation, can still achieve full combustion, stable combustion, high combustion value objective.

Abstract: Orthogonal array testing was adopted to optimize the formula for the molding of rice husk pellet fuel. An L9(34) array was used; moisture content and ratio proportion of the two additives were set as main influencing factors; the calorific value crush resistance, ash content, density and appearance of rice husk pellets were used as indicators. Visual analysis showed that the optimal formula for the molding of rice husk pellets was: 72% husk, with 15% water, 5% glycerol palmitate and 8% anthracite added. Further tests showed that with these ratios, the calorific value of the obtained pellet fuel17.5MJ/kg, crush resistance98%, density650kg/m3, which meets the standard of European biomass pellet fuel industry.

Abstract: As a renewable energy, the development of bio-fuel ethanol has caught the attention of the whole world. Consensus has been reached that subsidy policy should be formulated to promote the industrial development. Subsidy policy, however, is faced with such problems as lack of scientificity and low efficiency, making it important to design the mechanism of scientific subsidy policy. To provide scientific basis for the government in this respect, this paper will deal with the establishment of random optimization theory model of multi-objective bio-fuel subsidy in connection with energy gap, food safety as well as survival and development of non-food bio-fuel ethanol enterprises.

Abstract: Single cell oil have been researched many years, the paper introduced the single cell oil and the main of microorganism which can produce the lipid, including bacteria, yeast, fungi and algae, single cell oil is benefit to the food industry and the bio-energy in the future.

Abstract: Bio-char with high fixed carbon yield is a potential material for barbecue and hot pot fuel. In the study, the effects of the process conditions including raw materials, carbonization temperature and residence time on the combustion characteristic of the resulted bio-char were investigated. Here, bio-char yield and combustion characteristic were used as evaluation indexes. It is foud out that the bio-char prepared from cotton stalk under the conditions of the final temperature of 500 oC and the residence time of one hour shows the best combustion characteristics.

Abstract: To find out an alternative of coal saving, a kind of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) which is widespread in fresh water was studied by digital blast drying system. The effect of the moisture content, drying thickness and temperature on the drying process of C. vulgaris were investigated. The results indicated that when the drying temperature is high, the moisture content is low and the material thickness is small, the drying time is short. The drying process of C.vulgaris can be divided into two stages, and the mass loss is mainly occurred in the second stage . The results will provide guidance for design of drying process and dryer of microalgae.

Abstract: Co-pyrolysis characteristics of long flame coal mixed with duckweed in different proportions were studied by using TG. And the kinetic parameters was also figured out by using the method of Coats-Redfern. It was exhibited significant synergistic effect created more the light component between duckweed and coal during co-pyrolysis, The pyrolysis rate of flame coal is much smaller than biomass, and the starting pyrolysis temperature of flame coal is higher than biomass. The kinetic analysis indicated that the pyrolytic processes can be described as first order reactions model. The average activation energy of duckweed and coal was 39.14kJ/mol and 46.43kJ/mol , and with the increasing of the duckweed proportion, pyrolysis activation energy was decreased.

Abstract: A strain of trichoderma and aspergillus filtered out from the environment was used to ferment in powder-liquid medium where the main carbon source was rice straw powder. Along with the fermentation, the pretreated rice straw powder was catalytic degraded into reducing sugar by enzyme. There was orthogonal test based on single factor experiment. The orthogonal experiment showed that the crude enzyme liquid dosage caused the biggest influence on the degradation of straw powder, second was temperature and followed by pH value, and the straw powder concentration caused the minimum effects on degradation. The optimal conditions of degradation of rice straw powder was: the percentage of the volume of crude enzyme liquid in total degradation liquid was 3%, initial straw powder concentration was 60g/L, the pH value was 4.8, and the degradation temperature was 50°C. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation rate could be able to reach 80%.