The Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Proliferation of Mouse Leydig Cells In Vitro

Abstract:

To evaluate the male reproductive toxicity of PFOS on mammal animals at cellular level, mouse leydig cells were isolated from healthy mouse testis tissue and cultured in vitro. Adherent cells were treated with a serial concentration of PFOS for 4 more days of culture. Proliferation and DNA damage of the cells were analyzed by CCK assay and SCGE assay respectively. Forty-eight hours of treating with PFOS≧25μg/mL all inhibited the proliferation of the cells (p<0.05). PFOS seemed not to change the time for the cells to reach platform phase. DNA damage was also observed in the groups treated with PFOS dependent on dose and exposure time. The highest DNA damage level was averagely 17 cells per well in 96-well plates, which occurred to 62.5μg/mL group at 72h.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 726-731)
• Pages: 824-828
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.726-731.824
• Online since: August 2013
• Authors: De Yong Zhang, Xiao Lu Xu, Xiu Ying Shen, Li Wang, Yin Lu, Hui Ying Xu, Fei Lin Hao, Wen Lang Hu
• Keywords: DNA Damage, In Vitro, Mouse Leydig Cells, PFOS, Proliferation

References

[1] E. Kissa, Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. 2001, pp.1-28.

[2] A.B. Lindstrom, M.J. Strynar, E.L. Libelo, Polyfluorinated compounds: past, present, and future. Environ Sci Technol. 45(2011):7954-7961.

DOI: 10.1021/es2011622

[3] G.W. Olsen, J.M. Burris, D.J. Ehresman, et al., Half-life of serum elimination of perfluorooctanesulfonate, perfluorohexanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in retired fluorochemical production workers. Environ. Health Perspect. 115 (2007):1298–1305.

DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10009

[4] K. Kannan, S. Corsolini, J. Falandysz, et al., Perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorochemicals in human blood from several countries. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(2004): 4489-4495.

DOI: 10.1021/es0493446

[5] EU, Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of perfluorooctane sulfonates (amendment of Council Directive 76/769/EEC). 2006.

[6] Y.O. Fan, Y.H. Jin, Y.X. Ma, et al., Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate on spermiogenesis function of male rats. Journal of hygiene research. 34(2005):37-39. (in Chinese)

[7] Q.P. Liu, L.J. Qian, S.Z. Guo, et al., Effets of PFOS on Growth, thyroid and gonadal histology of Xenopus laevis. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology. 3(2008):464-472.(in Chinese)

[8] Q.G. Liu, Y.N. He, X.M. Zou, et al., Effect of lycopene on PFOS induced reproductive toxicity in male rats[J]. Journal of Nanhua University(Medical Edition). 38(2010):163-165.(in Chinese)

[9] S. Sripada, D. Giannaris, E.M. Mathers, et al., Trends in semen parameters in a subfertile population of men in the Northeast of Scotland. Poster Presentations Abstracts. Joint Meeting of the Association of Clinical Embryologists and the British Fertility Society, January 5-6, 2004, Liverpool, UK. Hum Fertil 7, 67.

[10] E. Carlsen, A. Giwercman, N. Keiding, et al., Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. B. M. J. 305(1992): 609-613.

DOI: 10.1136/bmj.305.6854.609

[11] G.R. Dohle, W. Weidner, A. Jungwirth, et al., Guidelines on male infertility. European association of urology. 3(2004):1-68.

[12] X. Lu, W. Chen, X.L. Shu, et al., Study of As on apoptosis of spermatogenic cells of rat testis. Sichuan Journal of Anatomy. 16(2008):11-14.(in Chinese)

[13] X.K. Wang, Y.F. Cai, K. Zhang, et al., Cadmium induced apoptosis and expression of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA in mouse testis. ACTA laser biology sinica. 17(2008):569-576.(in Chinese)

[14] M.H. Jin, L. Shi, Z.W. Sun, Effects of Methylmercury on mouse testicular germ cell cycle, Journal of Jilin University(Med Ed). 28(2002):465-466.(in Chinese)

[15] Y.B. Sun, L.J. Wang, J.L. Wang, et al., The effects of Nickel on apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in spermatogenic cells. Journal of toxicology. 21(2007):36-39.(in Chinese)

[16] K.H. Harada, H.R. Yang, C.S. Moon, et al., Levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in female serum samples from Japan in 2008, Korea in 1994-2008 and Vietnam in 2007-2008. Chemosphere. 79(2010): 314-319

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.027

[17] U.N. Joensen, B. Veyrand, J.P. Antignac, et al., PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonate) in serum is negatively associated with testosterone levels, but not with semen quality, in healthy men. Hum Reprod. 28(2013):599-608.

DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des425

[18] L. Kvist, Y.L. Giwercman, B.A. Jönsson, et al., Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds and sperm Y:X chromosome ratio in two European populations and in Inuit from Greenland. Reprod Toxicol. 34(2012):644-50.

DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.09.007

[19] L.B. Biegel, R.C. Liu, M.E. Hurtt, et al., Effects of ammonium perfluorooctanoate on Leydig cell function: in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 134(1995):18-25.

DOI: 10.1006/taap.1995.1164

[20] Z. Mao, W. Xia, J. Wang, et al., Perfluorooctane sulfonate induces apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrion-dependent pathway. J Appl Toxicol. 2012 Sep 13. [Epub ahead of print]

DOI: 10.1002/jat.2785