Advanced Materials Research Vol. 773

Abstract: In this study, the emissions from Kirloskar Direct Injection 4-stroke Diesel engine, single cylinder air-cooled, 4.4 kW, constant speed at 1500 rpm, compression ratio 17.5:1, with different blends of diesel and Refined Palmolein oil has been analyzed. Methyl Esters of refined Palmolein was transesterified with animal fat before blending with diesel. The main objective of this study is to measure the CO, HC, NO_x, Smoke Emissions by varying the Injection pressure and the load. The experiments were conducted with various blends of Refined Palmolein oil and diesel (10%+90% PD, 30%+ 70% PD, and 40%+ 60% PD) at different pressures (180 bar, 210 bar, & 240 bar) and at different loads (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). A 3-hole nozzle was used to inject the fuel. The emissions results were studied using AVL gas analyzer. The results show that there is a decrease in HC and CO and also marginal increase in NO_x with exhaust temperature

Abstract: Poly (phthalazinone ether ketone) anion exchange membranes with pyridinium groups (PyPPEK) for vanadium redox flow battery were prepared from chloromethylated poly (phthalazinone ether ketone) and pyridine. The chemical structure of PyPPEK was characterized by using FT-IR spectrum. Compared with quaternary ammonium group containing poly (phthalazinone ether ketone), PyPPEK membrane showed low ion exchange capacity, low swelling ratio and comparable tensile strength. Columbic efficiencies of VRB with anion exchange membranes were higher than that of VRB with Nafion117 membrane. When the ion exchange capacity of PyPPEK membrane was 1.40 mmol·g^-1, energy efficiency of VRB with the membrane was higher than that of VRB with Nafion117 membrane at charge-discharge current densities ranging from 20 mA·cm^-2 to 50 mA·cm^-2.

Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) system is one kind of important renewable energy source because of its pollution-free and inexhaustible nature. The efficiency of the PV is an important factor that will determine the output power. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control was discussed and was simulated based on PSIM. The result of simulation showed that this method was efficiently and quickly.

Abstract: onic liquid is a green catalyzer and solvent which can be designed by changing the structure of its cation or anion. Ionic liquid has been used in diverse chemical reactions. Especially, Ionic liquids as environmentally friendly catalysts were applied in biodiesel production. Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by ionic liquids have many merits, such as no corrosion to equipment, no pollution to environment, and reusability. In this paper, the advances in the Lewis acid ionic liquids catalysts and their application in biodiesel production were reviewed. The characterization of the ionic liquids were summarized. The catalytic reaction mechanism of the Lewis acid ionic liquids in the biodiesel production was discussed. In addition, the prospect for the application of the Lewis acid ionic liquids to catalyze biodiesel production was also stated. Since the cost of ionic liquid may be an issue, there are some challenges to be faced, such as the production of ionic liquids with low cost, easy recovery and with the possibility of reutilization of the catalyst for several cycles.

Abstract: Ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid ester exchange Preparation of biodiesel, effects of alcohol to oil ratio, reaction time, reaction temperature, the amount of ionic liquid and ultrasonic power factors on the rate of transesterification. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid soybean oil catalyzed preparation of biodiesel process: ultrasonic power 280W, alcohol-oil ratio of 10:1, 10% of the amount of catalyst is the quality of the raw oil, the reaction temperature of 100 ° C, reaction time 50min, biodiesel yield up to 92.5%.

Abstract: As a kind of high-rise structure, the offshore wind turbine is sensitive to wind load; it can generate strong dynamic responses to the excitation of typhoon. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of offshore wind turbine is established with ADINA, responses under strong wind excitation are numerically simulated and performed subsequently. The fluctuating wind velocity time series are simulated by the method of HSM (harmony superposition method). Based on the modal and tine-history analyses of the structures together with self-vibration character, the pendulum damper is employed to control the resulting undesirable vibrations that are induced by wind. With the damper installed, the displacement and acceleration of the tower are reduced by as much as 40% using 1% of the total effective mass.

Abstract: According to external dual power line supply and the grid-connected and islanded operating modes of micro-grid and the changeover among them, a control strategy of micro-grid with different kinds of DG (Distributed Generation) is proposed. It monitors the operating states of both micro-grid and power network and provides the unified coordinating control by the controller of micro-grid. In grid-connected mode, all kinds of DG work in constant power mode (P-Q mode) to generate power output for load. In islanded mode, energy storage system works in constant voltage-frequency mode (V-f mode), which is selected as the master power for supporting the voltage and frequency in micro-grid. And the rest works in P-Q mode. The application at one smart community in Shanghai proved its feasibility. The proposed strategy keeps the stable operation of micro-grid and implements the seamless transition between two operating modes by synchronizing device in grid-connected point.

Abstract: Vertical axis turbine is one of the tools used to extract tidal current energy. The purpose of this study is to show the effect of diagonal layout on the efficiency of vertical axis tidal turbine (VATT), using commercial software ANSYS CFX. For this purpose the angle between the incoming current flows is varied while the distance between the turbines is kept constant. The layout is observed at an angle of 20⁰, 30⁰, 45⁰, 60⁰ and 90⁰. From study we observed that when the twin turbines are at angle of 90⁰ to the incoming flow, the turbines have maximum efficiency.

Abstract: Directly scavenging vibration energy from ambient environment to power terminal micro sensors in intelligent building is a rising way to face the energy supply problem. The four distinct advantages of embedded piezoelectric harvester as an appropriate power supplier of the terminal sensors are introduced. The structure designing techniques include mode and geometry design, frequency shift methods, real power-density are analyzed. The 31 mode type harvester with PZT material and cross-distributing structure are highly recommended.

Abstract: According to energy constraint problem of wireless sensor node in the Internet of Things (IoT) perception layer, this paper proposed sensor information scheduling model based on mixed logical dynamic (MLD) model and energy saving strategy. First, the amount of transmission data control and the energy consumption of wireless communication control were modeled by MLD mode. Secondly, under MLD model, the sensor node communication scheduler was designed, and reliable scheduling strategy and rules were established for sensor node in different scene, which can adopt different strategy according to the change of scene. Finally, the simulation results show that the sensor node information scheduling model and energy saving strategy can reduce the sensor node data traffic and save more than 50% energy consumption, and the overall data error is 0.018. So it can save the energy consumption of sensor node and guarantee data precision.