Advanced Materials Research Vol. 777

Abstract: The start-up of ANAMMOX bio-filter for domestic secondary effluent was investigated in ambient temperature. The raw water for ANAMMOX bio-filter was the effluent from an anoxic-aerobic (A/O) phosphorous removal system. Nitrification biofilm was successfully transformed into ANAMMOX biofilm during 7 months, with the induction of added nitrite, hydrazine and oxyammonia. The highest TN removal rate reached 6.8 kg/m³/d during start-up, with observed growth rate of 0.0018 h^-1 and doubling time of 16.45 d.

Abstract: As most of water bodies in urban ecological village landscape are closed or sluggish, in addition to point source and non-point source pollution, they are easy to be eutrophicated. Life and environment nearby will be influenced. In this paper, the combination of microorganism agents and aquatic plants were conducted to treat Xinhe East Canal water body. As a result, after 40 days of running, the removal rates of COD_Cr, NH₃-N, TN and TP were around 58.34%, 92.84%, 89.10% and 86.44%, respectively. And the concentration of Chlorophyll a decreased to less than 3 mg/m³. The main parameters can meet the demands of the standard of fifth type water body according to the Chinese environmental quality standards for surface water.

Abstract: As lignocellulosic biomass, the cornstalk should be pretreated before anaerobic fermentation for hydrogen production. In this study, HCl, NaOH and enzyme were employed for cornstalk pretreatment and the products were used for anaerobic biohydrogen production. Hydrogen yield and hydrogen production rate were investigated to optimize cornstalk pretreatment method. In addition, the economic effect and energy consumption were also considered to evaluate the pretreatment methods. The optimum cornstalk pretreatment method was soaking in 2% NaOH at 50°C for 48h with a hydrogen yield of 55.0 ml/g-TS and a hydrogen production rate of 6.5 ml/h/g-VS in anaerobic hydrogen production.

Abstract: Six dominant thermophilic cellulolytic bacteria were separated from undigested dewatered sludge. By analysis of their water content, value of hydrolysis up, rate of weight loss of filter paper and CMC-enzyme activity, a dominant thermophilic cellulolytic bacterium named XW₅ was separated and inoculated in the dewatered sludge under simulating bio-drying conditions. The results showed that water content of the dewatered sludge which was inoculated dominant bacterium was decreased from an initial 70.05% to 62.49%.

Abstract: Coupled anaerobicaerobic granular bio-film reactor was employed to acclimatize the granules when treating actual coking wastewater. Two oxygenation methods (i.e. A and B) were employed. For method A, dissolved O₂ was supplied to the reactor A (RA) through a continuous oxygenation way of 800-15000mlmin^-1. And for method B, dissolved O₂ of 800-15000mlmin^-1 (18-12 times at 20-60min intervals, 1 h each time) was supplied to the reactor B (RB). The experimental results showed that it took only about 6 months for granules acclimation using actual coking wastewater. With inorganic carbon (NaHCO₃) addition, both oxygenation methods could run well when acclimatizing the granules. However, method A could have comparatively high and stable operation effect. And the continuous oxygenation way was more suitable for the acclimation of the granules when treating actual coking wastewater than the intermittent oxygenation way.

Abstract: A modified compound multiple-influent A²/O process was used to treat sewage with a low C/N under low temperature, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal was investigated. Raw water was distributed into anaerobic tank and anoxic tank by the proportion of 5:5 to rationally distribute the carbon sources required by anaerobic phosphorus release and anoxic denitrification. And some carriers were added into aerobic tank and anoxic tank separately to stabilize the effect of nitrification and denitrification and improve the denitrification efficiency. The effluent of anaerobic tank and anoxic tank flowed into aerobic tank to reduce the sludge flow path. In order to increase microbial biomass, adjust sludge return ratio was ranged from 50% to 75%. The results showed that when the water temperature is14°C, the concentration of COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP in influent were 69.5 mg/L, 33.74 mg/L, 42.31 mg/L and 4.94 mg/L, the effluent quality of the above indexes were 40.1 mg/L, 1.45 mg/L, 12.54 mg/L and 0.46 mg/L, and the average removal of COD, NH₃-N, TN, TP were 85.10%, 95.7%, 70.37% and 90.73%, respectively.

Abstract: A new biological deodorization technology which is used in Tianjin Jizhuangzi Sewage Plant was introduced in this paper. The geographical position of Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Plant is special. The plant has been surrounded by the living area. The problem of odor to people has been serious until a new deodorization technology is used. It is a source deodorization technology used special filler through vaccination, induction and catalytic to removed the malodorous sources. A special microbial incubator is used to culture and proliferate effective deodorant microorganisms on activated sludge sewage in the biological pool of the plant and then the sludge containing deodorant microbial reflowed to the wastewater inlet. The malodorous substances in the water are removed through adsorption, cohesion, biotransformation degradation and so on by the deodorant microbial. The case indicates that this technology is effective in practice and good for popularization. And this technology with simple process showed significant effect compared with other deodorant technologies and was more secure and convenient to build and run with low cost.

Abstract: Ultrasonic-disintegrated sludge supernatant was supplemented into A²O system to assess the effects on nutrient removal performances and microbial community changes. In this experiment, easily biodegradable organics accounted for 50.6% of sludge supernatant, indicating its potential for biological nutrient removal. Simultaneously, during two-month operational period, the ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies improved to 92.3% and 93.5% from75.6% and 53.4%. Duo to the application of sludge supernatant, two microbial phyla, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, were primarily responsible for the biological nutrient removal. In particular, the sludge supernatant was selective for ammonia oxidizing bacteria Comamonas sp. and denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms Sphingobacterium.

Abstract: The kinetic models of COD removal and phosphorus release in anaerobic zone, and phosphorus uptake, nitrification, denitrification and COD removal in circulating corridors were established in this work, in order to provide the guidance on design and running of the modified oxidation ditch. At the same time, the coefficients of reaction rates were calculated. Using the kinetic models already been established and the coefficients already been calculated to simulate the experimental results, the results showed that the models can well simulate the removal effect of pollutants in the modified oxidation ditch.

Abstract: The characteristics of sludge, the start-up and treatment effect of biological filters with multiple compounded filling are studied with low concentration domestic sewage as treating object. Experiment results shows that it spends 25 days to start up biological filters. The removal rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) are about 90%, 100%, 80% and 90% respectively. Meanwhile, the Biological electron microscope results show that anaerobic biological membrane presents deep black, more filamentous fungi and a small amount of Ciliates, while aerobic biological membrane presents yellow-green, close-grained bacteria micelle, micro-metazoans such as Aspidisca and Vorticella, proving the success of the biofilm formation.