Advanced Materials Research Vol. 827

Abstract: For take fully advantage of solar energy, the blue light conversion agent Ca_0.6Sr_0.4F₂:Eu²⁺,Sm³⁺and the red light conversion agent CaS:Eu²⁺ were prepared in this paper. X-ray power diffraction (XRD) analysisconfirmed the phase formationof these light conversion agents.The luminescence intensity influencedby theconcentration of rare-earth-doped was discussed.Measuring results revealed thatthe blue and red agents canabsorb 375nm, 570nm radiations and emit 435nm, 640nmlight, respectively.The emitting spectra of them are matchedwith the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. Light conversion film was prepared by introducing light conversion agents into polyethylene (PE). The trials of vegetables plantingin greenhouses that covered by conversion filmsindicate thatconversion films are able to enhance the availability of solar energy, and accelerate the ripening of vegetables, increase yield higher than 19.8%.

Abstract: We have designed lateral contact thin film silicon-based solar cells with and without one-dimensional photonic crystals as back surface field layer. The photonic crystal comprises a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for trapping the light. Simulations demonstrate that energy conversion efficiency and short circuit current I_SC for c-Si solar cells with the photonic crystal structure are increased to 21.11% and 27.0 mA, respectively, from 18.33% and 22.8mA of the one without photonic crystal. In addition, the effects of DBRs consisting of different materials are investigated in our simulations. When the refractive index difference between sub-layers of the DBR is larger, the forbidden band width is broader, the reflectance of the DBR is higher, and more photons are reflected and trapped into the active region, then the absorption efficiency and the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell are both increased. The bigger the refractive index difference of the DBRs sub-layers is, the broader the forbidden band width is. In addition, a-Si solar cells with and without DBR are also discussed.

Abstract: In this paper, a simple design method for 1 MW parabolic troughs solar power is discussed.The design of a thermal performance of parabolic troughs solar field was developed in China. In the design process, the following factors were analyzed: beam irradiance,parabolic troughs solar field area, heat loss, inlet temperature and flow rate. The simple method was established with the energy balance analysis base on the simplified heat loss of the parabolic troughs , The model was also used to calculate thermal performance of parabolic troughs solar field. Conclusions of this paper are good references for the engineering design to quickly determine the thermal performance of parabolic troughs solar field.

Abstract: The energy and the environment are two main factors restraining the development of automobile industry. Besides its high feasibility, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) also holds the advantages concerning with energy and environment. This article will discuss on the work mode and specific design scheme of the extended range electric vehicles (EREVs), one of HEVs most important research direction.

Abstract: The steam stimulation is a main method to develop the heavy oil reservoir. However, the huff-puff wells will be water-flooded quickly if the reservoir has edge water, and the oil production level will decrease sharply. An experimental device, which can simulate edge water and steam stimulation process, was designed according to the feature of Henan heavy oil reservoir with edge water on the basis of steam flooding device, and the effect factors and application conditions of nitrogen foam anti-edge water-incursion technology were researched. The results show that the anti-edge water-incursion technology is suitable for the heavy oil reservoir with a medium energy edge water, and a better foam plugging will be got if the technology is applied at the time of serious water-flooded. The optimum injection pattern of the technology is a N₂ slug first, followed by a nitrogen foam slug, and then the steam slug. Field tests were proceeded on the basis of experiment results and field experience, the operation success rate is 100%, the average drainage period reduces by 0.7d, the average cycle water cut reduces by 23%, the average cycle oil production increases by 2 times, and the average single-well oil-steam ratio increases by 0.25. So the technology can reduce water cut and increase oil production significantly, and the target of edge water inhibition is achieved.

Abstract: According to mathematical physics model of PV Cell, the simulation model of Si PV array as well as controller model of PV power system is constructed with adoption of orCAD/PSpice10.5 ABM. On this basis, single-stage grid-connected PV system is simulated, and the system which is influenced by intensity of illumination and temperature is analyzed with CAD/PSpice simulation. The simulation results shows that large PV array power system can be simulated to a high approximation degree with CAD/PSpice ABM, and simulation of grid-connected PV power system based on orCAD/PSpice ABM is of practical significance.

Abstract: A Home Energy Management (HEM) system is an integral part of a smart grid that can potentially enable demand response applications for residential customers. It provides a homeowner the ability to automatically perform smart load controls based on utility signals, customers preference and load priority. This paper presents an intelligent HEM for managing high power consumption household appliances for demand response (DR) analysis. The proposed HEM manages household loads according to their preset priority and guarantees the total household power consumption below certain levels.Given the lack of understanding about DR potentials in this market, this work serves as an essential stepping-stone toward providing an insight into how much DR can be performed for residential customers.

Abstract: One of the most promising processes to exploit Solid Olive-Mill Waste (SOMW) for energy production is anaerobic digestion. An experimental study has been carried out on SOMW and inoculum, consisting of Cattle Slurry Digested (CSD) and coming from an anaerobic digestion plant. A substrate with an optimal supply ratio equal to 2:1 has been investigated in a reactor at 37°C by analysing the biogas production. The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test has been carried out, monitoring pH, biogas production (amount and composition). According to the tests results, SOMWs needed to be diluted and inoculated, moreover the pH control is foundamental in order to obtain a significant biogas production. Anaerobic digestion plant of SOMW should be promoted in Mediterranean countries as an environmentally sound option for waste management and energy production, since olive mills are very widespread agro-industries in this area.

Abstract: In recent years the use of waste biomass for energy generation is becoming an increasingly attractive opportunity, since it leads to several advantages, such as the possibility to eliminate wastes producing energy. As a consequence, the dependence on conventional fossil fuels and global warming can be further reduced. Animal By-Product (ABP) represents a waste produced especially during the slaughter of animals for human consumption, disposal of dead animals and disease control measures. ABPs disposal could lead to high costs and risks for the ecosystem: hence, they shall be used in a sustainable way, minimising health and environmental risks. In the present work, the use of Slaughterhouse Wastes (SHWs) in Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process has been investigated. In Europe biogas production from SHWs must comply with the Regulations No 1069/2009 and No 142/2011 which are carefully described in this study. Furthermore, some previous surveys on AD and co-digestion of ABPs with/without other substrates have been considered and compared in order to fix a starting point for future tests on this subject.

Abstract: Now in general use in solar water heater, there is a long pipeline between water heater and tap, we have to empty the stored cold water before we use the hot water; and usually the water cannot meet required temperature due to the heating delay effect, thus the water also should be emptied, which leads to a waste of water resources. In order to solve this water wastage, we propose a device which can help to control the temperature and backflow of the water in water heater. The device accomplishes backflow of cold water automatically under the effect of gravity, and refluxed water will be stored in the recycle-water tank, thus ensuring the result that the water temperature satisfies the requirement. After the recycle-water tank is full, it will trigger the buoy to control the relay switch, then the water pump start to work to force the water into the water heater tank. Thus, realizing the recycling of water. This device can significantly save water resources in domestic water, and it has a broad market prospect.