Carbon Cost of Rice on State-Operated Farm in Northeast China Plain

Abstract:

Cropping systems in the future will need to increase grain yield while reducing greenhouse gas emission per unit of production. Based on the investigation data of the farmers production, applying carbon cost model, we conducted the carbon cost of rice on state-operated farm (13 production teams) in Northeast China Plain. The results were as follows: the carbon cost of rice on Shuanghe Farm was 221.62±26.32 gCO₂e kg^-1, in which irrigation accounted for 40.68%, chemical fertilizer accounted for 24.55%, mechanical operation accounted for 24.35%, seed accounted for 9.21%, and pesticides accounted for 1.20%, respectively. The carbon cost of rice in different production teams were significantly different (P<0.01), and 20^th production teams was the highest (249.56±26.68 gCO₂e kg^-1) while 10^th team was the lowest (190.87±17.09 gCO₂e kg^-1). The differences of the carbon cost of rice among production teams almost was resulted from irrigation, and it had the potentiality of emission reduction in the production teams with higher carbon cost.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 869-870)
• Pages: 1034-1038
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.869-870.1034
• Online since: December 2013
• Authors: Lei Gang Shi, He Ju Huai, Jing Ping Zhou, Hai Tang Hu, Cun Jun Li*
• Keywords: Carbon Cost, Farm, Production Teams, Rice

References

[1] Zhang WF, Dou ZX, He P, et al. New technologies reduce greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogenous fertilizer in China. PNAS. Vol. 110(2013), pp.8375-8380.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210447110

[2] Hillier J, Hawes C, Squire G, et al. The carbon footprints of food crop production. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. Vol. 7(2009), pp.107-118.

DOI: 10.3763/ijas.2009.0419

[3] Lal R. Carbon emission from farm operations. Environment International. Vol. 30(2004), pp.981-990.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2004.03.005

[4] Page G, Ridoutt B, Bellotti B. Carbon and water footprint tradeoffs in fresh tomato production. Journal of Cleaner Production. Vol. 32(2012), pp.219-226.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.03.036

[5] Peters G P. Carbon footprints and embodied carbon at multiple scales. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. Vol. 38(2010), pp.4856-4869.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.05.004

[6] Cheng K, Pan GX, Pete S, et al. Carbon footprint of China's crop production-An estimation using agro-statistics data over 1993–2007. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Vol. 142(2011), pp.231-237.

DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.012

[7] Shi LG, Chen F, Kong FL, et al. The Carbon Footprint of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Cropping Pattern on North China Plain. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment. Vol. 21(2011), pp.93-98. ( in Chinese with English abstract).

[8] West T O, Marland G. Net carbon flux from agricultural ecosystems: methodology for full carbon cycle analyses. Environmental Pollution. Vol. 116(2002), pp.439-444.

DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00221-4

[9] Meisterling K, Samaras C, Schweizer V. Decisions to reduce greenhouse gases from agriculture and product transport: LCA case study of organic and conventional wheat. Journal of Cleaner production. Vol. 17(2009), pp.222-230.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.04.009

[10] Gan Y, Liang C, Wang X, et al. Lowering carbon footprint of durum wheat by diversifying cropping systems. Field Crops Research. Vol. 122(2011), pp.199-206.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.03.020

[11] Bonesmo H, Skjelvåg A O, Henry Janzen H, et al. Greenhouse gas emission intensities and economic efficiency in crop production: A systems analysis of 95 farms. Agricultural Systems. Vol. 110(2012), pp.142-151.

DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2012.04.001

[12] Dong G, Mao X, Zhou J, et al. Carbon footprint accounting and dynamics and the driving forces of agricultural production in Zhejiang Province, China. Ecological Economics. Vol. 91(2013), pp.38-47.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.04.003

[13] Mondelaers K, Aertsens J, Huylenbroeck G. A meta-analysis of the differences in environmental impacts between organic and conventional farming. British Food Journal. Vol. 111(2009), pp.1098-1119.

DOI: 10.1108/00070700910992925

[14] Shi L G, Fan S C, Kong F L, et al. Preliminary study on the carbon efficiency of main crops production in North China Plain, Acta Agron Sin. vol. 37(2011), pp.1485-1490. ( in Chinese with English abstract).

DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2011.01485