A Remediation Study of Soils Contaminated by Chlorinated Hydrocarbons with Mechanical Soil Aeration

Abstract:

Mechanical soil aeration is an effective and low cost ex-situ remediation technique suitable for large areas of volatile organic contaminated sites. To understand the effectiveness of the remediation technique, the current study remediated an abandoned industry site for a typical chlor-alkali chemical using this technology. The results showed that the technology is effective in the remediation of volatile organic compounds with a pass percentage greater than 90%. The results also showed that a lower vapor pressure or higher molecular weight with the similar concentration of pollution resulted in higher residual concentrations, which need increasing agitation frequency or machine power to promote the volatilization of pollutants. In addition, we found that the more pollution or water or organic matters (more than 1%) contained, the higher concentration of residual. These type of soils should be remediated not only by physical agitations but also by other strengthen measures and long period. The present study aims to promote the remediation of contaminated sites, especially large areas contaminated by volatile contaminants.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 878)
• Pages: 751-759
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.878.751
• Online since: January 2014
• Authors: Yi Shi, Fa Sheng Li, Xiao Ming Du, Zhu Xu, Yan Ma, Zheng Li, Ji Dun Fang, Chun Ming Zhang, Qun Hui Wang
• Keywords: Mechanical Soil Aeration, Soil Remediation, VOCS

References

[1] Li Shouxin, Song Jianfei and Li liqing, Research Progresses in Treatment Technologies for Volatile Organic Compounds, J Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry. 28 (2008) 1-7.

[2] Qin Hongbing, Gu Haidong and Yin Yanmin, Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds in Soil Using P&T-GC/MS Method, Environmental Monitoring in China. 25 (2009) 38-41.

[3] Wang Fang and Zhang Chengdong, Sorption and Desorption of 1, 1, 2, 2-Tetrachloroethane in Soils and New Model Prediction of Desorption Hysteresis, Journal of Agro-Environment Science. 30 (2011) 295-300.

[4] K.H. Kastman, S. Ghalib and J. Lewis, Remediation of VOC contaminated soils by deep vacuum, Environmental geotechnics. 2 (1996) 1017–1022.

[5] W. Kujawski, I. Koter and S. Koter, Membrane-assisted removal of hydrocarbons from contaminated soils - laboratory test results, Desalination. 241 (2009) 218-226.

DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2008.02.032

[6] L. He and M. Sulkes, Chemical intermediate detection following corona discharge on volatile organic compounds: general method using molecular beam techniques, Journal of physics D-applied physics. 44 (2011) 27400627.

DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/44/27/274006

[7] Gu Qingbao, Guo Guanlin and Zhou Youya. Classification, application and selection of contaminated site remediation technology: An Overview, Research of Environmental Sciences. 21 (2008) 197-202.

[8] Y.Y. Chang, B. Bae and I. Lee, Modeling plant-aided in-situ bioremediation of soils contaminated with a volatile organic compound (VOC), Acta Biotechnol. 22 (2002) 21–34.

DOI: 10.1002/1521-3846(200205)22:1/2<21::aid-abio21>3.0.co;2-j

[9] J.C. Williamson, M. Akinola and M.A. Nason, Contaminated land clean-up using composted wastes and impacts of VOCs on land, Waste Management. 29 (2009) 1772-1778.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.11.015

[10] D. Acierno, A.A. Barba and M.D. Amore, Microwave in situ remediation of soils polluted by volatile hydrocarbons, Adv. Microwave and Radio Frequency Processing. (2006) 321–328.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-32944-2_34

[11] D. Acierno, A.A. Barba and M. D'Amore, Microwaves in soil remediation from VOCs. 2. Buildup of a dedicated device, Aiche Journal. 50 (2004) 722-732.

DOI: 10.1002/aic.10067

[12] D.A. Jones, T.P. Lelyveld and S.D. Mavrofidis, Microwave heating applications in enviromnental engineering-a review, Resources Conservation and Recycling. 34 (2002) 75-90.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-3449(01)00088-x

[13] T. Suko, T. Fujikawa and T. Miyazaki, Transport phenomena of volatile solute in soil during bioventing technology, Contaminated Sediments: Evaluation and Remediation Techniques. 1482 (2006) 374–379.

DOI: 10.1520/stp37705s

[14] Yi Shi, Xiaoming Du and Huiying Li, Effects of soil temperature and agitation on the removal of 1, 2-dichloroethane from contaminated soil, Science of the Total Environment. 423 (2012) 185–189.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.022

[15] Yin Shuhua, Study on Sorption of Volatile Organic Contaminants by Natural Soils and Sediments, Beijing, (2006).

[16] J.E. Woodrow, J.N. Seiber and L.W. Baker, Correlation techniques for estimating pesticide volatilization flux and downwind concentrations, Environ. Sci. Technol. 31 (1997) 523-529.

DOI: 10.1021/es960357w

[17] W.A. Jury, W.J. Farmer and W.F. Spencer, Behavior Assessment Model for Trace Organics in Soil: II. Chemical Classification and Parameter Sensitivity, Journal of Environ. Qual., 13 (1984) 567-586.

DOI: 10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040012x

[18] I.P. Breus and A.A. Mishchenko, Sorption of volatile organic contaminants by soils (a review), Soil chemistry. 39 (2006) 1271-1283.

DOI: 10.1134/s1064229306120015

[19] T.G. Poulsen, P. Moldrup and T. Yanmaguchi, VOC vapor sorption in soil: soil type dependent model and implications for vapor extraction, Environ. Eng. 124 (1998) 146-155.

DOI: 10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1998)124:2(146)

[20] J.C. Parker, R.J. Lenhard and T. Kuppusarny, A parametric model for constitutive properties governing multiphase flow in porous media, Water Resources. Research. 23 (1987) 618-624.

DOI: 10.1029/wr023i004p00618

[21] B.N. Stephanatos, Modeling the transport of gasoline vapors by an advective diffusive unsaturated zone mode 1, Proceeding of the NW WA/API Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water: Prevention, Detection, and Restoration. Houston, TX, USA.

[22] P. Morgan. Microbiological methods for the cleanup of soil and groundwater contaminated with halogenated organic compounds, Fems Microbiology Reviews. 63 (1989) 277-300.

DOI: 10.1016/0168-6445(89)90025-9

[23] U. Ficsher, R. Sehulin and M. Keller. Experimental and numerical investigation of soil vapor extraction, Water Recur. Res. 32 (1996) 3413-3427.

DOI: 10.1029/95wr02668

[24] H.L. Bohn, Vapor extraction rates for decontaminating soils, Pollution Engineering. 29 (1997) 52-56.

[25] He Xiaozhen, Zhou Youya and Wang Li, Study on influencing factors in removal of volatile organic compounds from red earth by soil vapor extraction, Chines Journal of Environmental Engineering. 2 (2008) 679-683.

[26] Zhang Xiaohui, Mo Hanhong and Yang Kewu, Volatilization of N'-(2, 4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylformamidine from soil, Acta scientiae circumstantiae. 19 (1999) 194-199.

[27] Bruhard N, et al., Petroleum science and technology, 12 (1981) 37-44.

[28] Hu Xiao, Fan Yaobo and Wang Minjian, Factors affecting behavior and fate of organic pollutants in soil, Advances in environmental science. 10 (1998) 14-22.

[29] Wang Xi, Study on transportation principle of gasoline in soil, Beijing, (2009).