Advanced Materials Research Vol. 899

Abstract: The next step in energy efficiency building design focus on near energy zero buildings. To design such buildings is important to understand how people use low energy building and to find reserves in energy. The paper presents an analysis of reserves in a family house. The analysis is done with simulations of different design and operation solutions based on knowledge from in situ measurements. Results show there are reserves in the heating and cooling period of year, which can lead to further energy savings of up to 15% and internal environment improvements.

Abstract: The use of building information modeling (BIM) in the Czech Republic is currently at the stage of being slowly established in the Czech building environment. From the viewpoint of applicability in the building industry, the issues of BIM in the Czech Republic are very desirable, mainly because of ever-increasing pressure on the sustainability of construction. This approach is gradually used by some, often multinational, construction companies. The article focuses on finding the possible optimization of approach to the planning and operation of buildings in terms of the energy sustainability of buildings.

Abstract: This paper compares calculated and measured energy use data (for space heating and cooling) pertaining to a hospital building in Austria. The building's existing energy certificate as well as monitored heating and cooling demand information were acquired from the hospitals administration. Moreover, the energy performance of the building was modeled using a numeric simulation application. Thereby, an extensive effort was made to define model input assumptions (building construction, weather data, internal gains) based on actual circumstances in reality. The results of the study suggest that calculated (energy certificate) and simulated heating loads were reasonably close to actual values, whereas in case of cooling loads considerable discrepancies were observed.

Abstract: The residential buildings built with prefabricated technology (also called panel buildings) represent a significant part of the building stock, particularly in Eastern Europe. These buildings are typically 30-40 years old and due to their poor energy performance they have been in the focus of energy policy makers over the recent years. These buildings are typically connected to district heating systems and the continuously decreasing heat demand caused by the renovation subsidy programs resulting in risks of inefficient operation and on the long term it questions the viability of the district heating systems. Therefore it is particularly important to have a clear picture on the energy consumption trends about this segment of the building stock. In this paper, the building stock of the city of Debrecen connected to district heating is analysed. The current energy consumption figures of the buildings are analysed. In Debrecen, the share of retrofitted buildings is relatively low (appr. 15%), therefore a future trend analysis was also carried out. The results of this study can be interesting for other cities as well, particularly those with a significant share of “panel buildings”.

Abstract: Modular blocks of flats built with large prefabricated panels have become widespread in most of central and East-European countries particularly in the 80es, populating large-scale neighbourhoods. In Romania are representing about 37% of the total fund of apartment blocks, being present in most of the cities. The high percentage of thermal bridges and reduced design thermal resistance of the envelope make these buildings a priority in thermal retrofitting. Using up-to-date calculation methods, the paper presents a thorough analysis of the energy performance of large-panel residential buildings (apartment blocks) before and after renovation. The conclusions are focused on the practical measures to be undertaken for bringing the energy efficiency after retrofitting at the highest possible degree, thus meeting the requirements of the EU legislation and the targets set in the field of energy performance and reduction of CO2 emissions.

Abstract: Energy labeling of buildings is accepted and used in all European countries. Depending on the yearly specific primary energy consumption the energy quality of a building is expressed using a country specific method. Consequently primary energy is the basis of building energy class. Primary energy is obtained using different country specific transformation factors for gas, electricity, wood, biomass etc. However different quantities of warm water and steam can have the same energy content. Calculating the exergy content of used energy a better classification of buildings can be achieved. This paper presents a method to analyze residential buildings from exergy point of view. It was found a transformation factor between energy and exergy: 0.075.

Abstract: Energy performance and indoor environment were investigated in two modern office buildings equipped by a low temperature heating and high temperature cooling system. Both buildings have the facade made of glass. In the first building, radiant panels are suspended under the ceiling in order to create comfortable conditions, natural gas boilers are the installed in order to generate heat and chillers are used to generate cool. The second building has heat pumps installed to provide the building with heat/cool and capillary pipes are embedded in the plaster on the ceiling surface to emit the heat/cool into the occupied space. The energy performance was calculated in accordance with the set of CEN standards for energy certification and is presented in the form of energy certificates. Thermal comfort and indoor air quality were experimentally studied by long-term and short-term measurements and through questionnaires filled in by the occupants themselves. The study has shown that the low temperature heating/high temperature cooling system has the potential to create a comfortable indoor environment at low energy consumption, but the ability of the heating/cooling systems to do so is closely related to the appropriate control of the systems.

Abstract: The paper deals with project proposals, construction and exploitation of house in passive standard. Specific properties of building envelope in energy passive standard. Execution of additional thermal insulating system with heat bridge elimination. Evaluation of applicable design using non-traditional aluminium basis. Elimination of heat flows in window structure.

Abstract: Transition to a sustainable society. Transforming of the energy market. The social value of CO₂ emissions. Development of technology in architecture for a sustainable society. Change of the value system in society. The dominant production technology of the capital of nature with simultaneous ecosystem restoring. Renewable energy sources of predictable and unpredictable type. Renewable energy sources as a conditioning factor of fundamental concept changes of energy quantification of buildings. Requirements for physical quantification of buildings with a zero energy balance in relation to energy distribution networks. Green buildings with zero heat balance of the network - buildings with nearly zero energy balance of the network. Sustainable buildings with zero energy balance of the network. Sustainable building with an active energy balance in relation to distribution networks.