Advanced Materials Research Vol. 899

Abstract: Aerodynamic quantification of inlet vent flaps in controlled ventilation system. The impact of installed inlet vent flaps in the window structure on the overall aerodynamic properties of conventional triple glazed window and window glazed by the triple glazing with improved acoustic properties. The methodology and results of the measurement.

Abstract: The paper is oriented on the natural ventilation and forced warm air ventilation systems in offices. The basic element of natural ventilation system in office building is double skin facade. The natural air circulation is undertaken by the right shaping of vertical shafts for exhaust air. Furthermore, the intelligent double skin facade in transitional period contributes to the heating and in summer to natural cooling of offices. Therefore, the forced warm air ventilation, which is provides heating of offices, can operate in saving mode and can be supplemented by radiant floor heating. By the effort to approach to zero energy balance, it is important to undertake thermal comfort. Therefore, I did experimental laboratory measurements for forced warm air ventilation and I also did it because of comparison for radiant floor heating. In this paper, I will present scientific analysis and the outputs from my own measurements. In the conclusion of this paper on the basis of outputs of experimental measurements I will define the principles for designing forced warm air ventilation and radiant floor heating in offices.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is the most common air pollutant in residential buildings. The source of this gas is primarily a human ́s metabolism, respiratory and thermoregulatory processes. With increasing concentration of carbon dioxide the amount of water vapor increases in the atmosphere and thus the relative humidity. Living without air conditioning is today unthinkable in large buildings and in buildings where we can expect too many people. There is no so high emphasis on environmental parameters in family housing such as in community facilities. The authors in this paper are trying to compare the conditions in a common family house and compare it to the standard of modern living - an experimental passive house in the area of FAST, where is partially controlled internal environment already and meets the requirements for healthy living.

Abstract: In elementary school buildings, a risk of summer overheating occurs due to large windows which secure and high quality of daylight. It leads to large solar gains. The article analyzes an effect of sun-shading design interacting with ventilation modes for the internal air temperature. Analysis was done with simulation calculation. Results show that the maximum temperature does not fall below θ_ai = 28°C in any case of all alternatives and combinations. In this case, cooling is necessary.

Abstract: Work in the office and the requirements of people as users of this environment changes fundamentally according to the way of implementation of the activities connected with obtaining, processing and exchange of information. Office workplace becomes not only variable, but almost mobile in time and space. Increase in the proportion of communication in administrative office work, changes of its ways and its implementation, and development of work arrangements in the working groups, are all reflected in the increasing demands for customization adaptation of environment office buildings. Architectural concepts thus must respond not only to the wishes of existing customers, but to a large extent also to the anticipated possible scenarios and alternatives of further development. Thus, the need to create spaces adaptable for different levels of group work, the multiple use of workplaces, or for focusing on work on projects with time-limited duration are included in the considerations about an office building. The user of a working environment will require its significantly greater adaptability to highly individualized needs of a diverse range of office activities. To secure them does not only mean better technical parameters of intelligent buildings concepts, but also a better organization of activities and their relation to the projection and architectural design of individual spaces and buildings as a whole.

Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of light pollution and its potential impact on human body. Loss of darkness during the night has a negative effect on the environment, animals, plants and humans. Concerning humans, the light during the night can lead to desynchronization of circadian rhythms with subsequent lower production of sleeping hormone called melatonin. In addition to the negative impact on organisms, there is also economical effect of wastage of lighting during the night. Pollution caused by the occurrence of light during the night is relatively new term, which has been perceived very roughly so far. That is probably the reason, why Slovak legislation deals with this problem very roughly. Some limitation levels of illuminance of billboards were stated, but the legislation doesn ́t deal with the effect of the occurrence of higly influential light during the night on people at their homes.

Abstract: Colour of external shading obstacles can modify spectral composition of external interreflected component of indoor daylighting. This may play negative role for circadian efficacy of interior daylight. This article has two main purposes. First, the authors present conceptual framework of circadian photometry. Second, results of measurements of external shading obstacles colours influence on interior circadian stimulus in lighting climate in Bratislava are presented.

Abstract: The interest in the research of non-visual effects on human health has risen during last decade rapidly. Daylight that has humans during our evolution adapted to is considered as healthy in its natural form. In reality, the daylight inside the buildings can be different in many parameters from the exterior one. Not only intensities and spatial distribution is altered, but also spectral composition can differ significantly. Daylight transmitted through transparent elements in buildings envelope and its shading devices is filtered and therefore can have different photobiological quality compared to the daylight in exterior. Effects of the altered light conditions can have negative impact on health mostly by people that spend time continually or permanently in those internal spaces, such as long term hospitalized patients in medical facilities. The aim of the research was to find out, whether the dramatic change in the transmittance of daylights blue component will evoke the change in melatonins secretion in patients urine samples. Despite great level of circadian disruption of observed subjects a typical changes in melatonin secretion were observed as a result of altered spectral transmittances due to different glazing systems.

Abstract: The environment in which we live and quality of internal spaces affects the quality of life, which impacts our vitality, life strategy, and thus the overall health of the society. Consequently, there is a need for an environmental design as a tool for prevention and treatment of lifestyle diseases. The genesis of these diseases is caused by several risk factors, including some problematic space negatives. By their identification and suggestion to optimize the internal environment, interior design can significantly contribute to the development of healthy interior and body conscious design. From this point of view, the interior design becomes veritable resource for environmental therapy in the fight against lifestyle diseases.

Abstract: Balconies are horizontal overhanging structures whose main function is a connection between interior and exterior space. Moreover, they increase an area of a room and they also can have a presentable, architectural and aesthetic purpose. There are a lot of requirements on the balconies, for example the requirements on static properties, thermal bridges, railings or fire safety. From the point of view of building physics, we can consider the balcony as the fixed shading construction which can reduce overheating in a shaded room during the summer but on the other hand the balcony can influence visual comfort in the room in a negative way. This article presents a comparison and an evaluation of the daylight factor in the rooms which are shaded by balconies. The influence of the balconies on the daylight factor is assessed in dependence on a length of the balcony (a balcony overhang) and dimensions of the room which the balcony shades.