Advanced Materials Research Vol. 899

Abstract: The operation of swimming pools inside of the currently very popular water parks is because of the characteristics of indoor climate quite specific. An integral and also fundamental part of the project documentation of these types of buildings is certainly the thermo-technical assessment and the design of the buildings envelope. The designer has to deal with high temperature and relative humidity in the interior, which requires a detailed design of external structures including the roof structure. In particular it is necessary to pay attention to critical details. The paper deals with issues connected to the thermo-technical design of compositions of swimming pool halls envelope with respect to acting legislations and external boundary conditions valid for the Czech Republic, as much as it optimises the design solutions also in terms of technological and economical. The result of such a design activity should be a functional envelope which is easy to maintain and has a long life span.

Abstract: The original windows of historical buildings represent a significant part of their architectural character and thus the cultural heritage; therefore their preservation should be a high priority. Most of the historical windows in central Europe are double skinned, and for the planning of their retrofit a good understanding of the underlying building physics of such constructions is needed. This is not a trivial question, since these double skin windows differ greatly from most contemporary constructions. It is presented in the article that the low aspect ratio and the large interpane distance results in a turbulent convection with strong vertical temperature stratification in the cavity. This, in combination with the constant air in-and exfiltration through the cavity creates a strong coupling between all the thermal and mass flows through the window and makes questions like what are the exact heat losses through transmission and ventilation hard to answer. An overview is given of the different calculation models that are currently used to calculate glazing area and window heat transfer and their usability for historical double skin windows is evaluated.

Abstract: There are almost 100 passive houses registered in the Czech Republic, whose design was influenced by simulations coming from various design software from early stages with maximization of energy savings in mind. The accuracy of the simulations however, depends on the level of simplification and accuracy of inputs, such as climatic data, etc. Especially the energy simulations require databases with hourly or monthly climatic data. The questions are, whether these are corresponding with reality and to what extend the difference between the database data and reality will affect the simulations and subsequently the use of the houses.This paper deals with modelling of and energy-efficient house under several sets of climatic data. The analysis was done in monthly steps using Energie 2013 (methodology of ČSN EN ISO 13790:2009) and PHPP 2007 software tools and in hourly steps on the basis of reference data of a climatic year described in ČSN EN ISO 15927-4:2011 (TRNSYS) and from the database of Meteonorm (TRNSYS). The aim of this paper is to point out the differences in the determination of heat consumption using different calculation methods..

Abstract: Construction fillings of buildings such as windows, doors or gates are very often the cause of the increased energy balance of buildings. Especially for energy efficient buildings are windows and doors the weakest parts of the building. Low quality connection of filling construction to a building structure leads to undesirable air leakage, formation of cracks and joints. Joints and gaps reduce the airtightness of buildings, increase energy consumption and reduce the operating efficiency of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery system. The main objective of contribution is to describe and analyze the impact and solution to fillings of buildings on airtightness of energy-efficient buildings.

Abstract: The paper deals with the analysis of the influence of the position of windows on a value of increase of transmission heat loss coefficient because of thermal bridges (ΔU value) which contributes to total heat loss of the building. The calculation of exact ΔU value was realized using a new calculation method according to Menďan [1]. The calculation was carried out on a selected residential house with thermal insulation placed on external side of the external walls. The house was solved in three variants. The variants differed in position of the windows (i.e. in the middle of the wall thickness, aligned with the internal edge of thermal insulation and the position of the windows in thermal insulation). Each of the variants was calculated for seven various values of thermal resistance of the external wall.

Abstract: The subject of the paper is natural physical cavity of double-skin corridor type facade with year-round open circuit and effective height equal to height of one floor. Goal of the paper is quantification of thermal, aerodynamic and energy regime of this natural physical cavity. Methodology of the paper is long term in-situ experimental research (that means under the load of real conditions of the exterior climate on the building), confrontation of the theory and experiment and scientific polemic to new knowledge. Description of experimentally investigated double-skin facade. Description of the experiment in-situ (basic data, monitored physical parameters, measuring technology). Presentation of research results. New knowledges about regime of natural physical cavity of double-skin facade under windless climate conditions and under wind climate conditions. New knowledges lead us to the most important piece of knowledge about the real maximal increase of the temperatures in the cavity, which is the decisive factor for building ecology (natural ventilation from the cavity) and equally for energy (energy consumption) of a building with double-skin facade.

Abstract: The paper deals with the thermal moisture problems in the functional gap wooden window. It analyzes the reasons for the formation of condensation in the functional gap. Experimental verification of the problem is made on a large climatic chamber for four typical samples. Computer simulations support the evaluation of the measurement results. Proposals for action to eliminate the condensation of water vapor in the functional gap wooden window positioning in the vertical position.

Abstract: In construction projects in a field of residential buildings installation and replacement of fillings of openings (windows) play a very important role. A number of requirements is put on newly built windows, in particular in the field of thermal insulation and airtightness. Will the window elements stand the test even after years of use The aim of this paper is to compare the declared parameter of heat transfer parameter of glazing Ug [W.m^-2.K^-1] of insulating glasses found from the print on a between the glass frame with the value which can be determined by measuring directly on the building after a certain period of use.

Abstract: Frame of window and all its parts are constantly evolving, trying to meet newrequirements, incorporating new materials and design approaches. Along with all of these,experimental research goes on. Complexity of problems varies based on various factorsand material structure reflects under certain circumstances negative aspects of the design. Thisarticle is dealing with appearance of condensation and icing in functional gap of wooden windowframe where we can see the most significant impact on it. Root cause analysis of condensationand icing has been conducted, factors leading to forming of condensation and icing have beendescribed in detail along with humidity characteristics of gap between particular parts of frame.Theoretical analysis is based on the real life scenario measurements conducted in various R&Dplants across Slovakia and Europe region. Article outlines next steps for a future researchconsidering window sealing and optimization of diffuse characteristics. Based on these we assumethat by incorporating of the diffuse characteristics knowledge and its optimization we achievea decrease of condensation and icing forming in functional gap of wooden window frame.

Abstract: The increase in energy prices resulted in the formation of new houses in the low-energy and passive standard. In particular, the development of wooden buildings in recent years has experienced a boom. More and more, their positive qualities come to the attention of potential investors. Thanks to this the new technologies of construction are still developed and the new wood-based materials tested. The continuous improvement of the thermal insulating materials and as well as technical equipment of buildings such as ventilation, heat recovery, solar and photovoltaic systems is recorded. All of these materials and technologies must follow the standards which tightened the thermal technical requirements. This led to the sophisticated compositions of individual structures and the use of better materials. Not always declared properties of the materials or construction planners are designed in accordance with the calculated values. In practice there is often ill-composition design of the construction or improper assembling of wooden parts which may result in an increase in thermal loss of the building, disturbed microclimate inside the building, but also negatively affecting the lives of individual structural units which implies that we should deal with these problems significantly.