Advanced Materials Research Vol. 899

Abstract: The paper deals with the problematic of contact comfort as a part of body conscious design/ human-centred design. Contact comfort consist of a combination of balanced surface temperature, heat transmission, surface roughness, surface elasticity/hardness, sorption activity of the surface in terms of vapour/fluids absorbance, sorption activity of the surface in terms of absorbing the external moisture (e.g. sweat or humidity of air/its condensates), having control over body position, possibilities of maintenance and visual comfort connected with cultural background of users, individual mental and physical setting that is creating overall feeling of comfort. All these parameters are measurable and it is possible to optimize them with an aim to get good solutions that are providing higher contact comfort.Roughness is extremely important for overall feeling of contact comfort it has direct relation also to the other features. The current paper presents also the methodology and results of the pilot study of contact comfort. .Different wood based materials and wood species with different types of surface finishing in comparison with other materials were investigated by using a test chair.

Abstract: Paper presents results of measuring of airtightness and acoustic properties of clay house. This clay house was built as a "SuperAdobe house" from the bags filled with clay. Construction of the clay house is a cupola. Objective of the measurement was to evaluate the quality of peripheral construction in terms of airtightness. We also wanted to verify the acoustic parameters of earthen structures and determine the value of airborne sound insulation.

Abstract: Covering soil layer significantly reduces the heat loss of earth-sheltered building elements. Quantity of heat loss is highly influenced by the thickness of soil on examined building constructions. Based on the above mentioned facts an earth-sheltered sample building was designed. Ecological designing principles (recycled building materials and passive solar designing rules) were taken into consideration during planning of examined residential house. The building structures are general solutions, the earth-sheltered characteristic manifested by soil-covered elevations and green roof. The detailed energetic calculations are based on the linear heat transmission coefficient, which serves as a numerical definition of the heat bridge effect. Linear heat transmission coefficients were calculated as simulational results that can be derived from the finite element modelling of structural intersections. Detailed building simulations represent the advantages of soil covering. Hygrothermal analysis of building constructions based on their thermal simulations is essential. Due to the intensified waterproofing of earth-sheltered structures vapour diffusion is considerably reduced. At the same time environmentally conscious design prefers diffusion open orders of layers. Hygrothermal calculations of different waterproofing materials can categorise the environmental friendly solution of the protection.

Abstract: As reason of increasing requirements of thermal insulation properties of the exposed envelope, reflective insulation are among kind of modern thermal insulation materials ones, which can significantly increased thermal insulation performance if their application is correct. Thermal insulation performance is caused by reduction of the heat transfer by radiation. Conjunction of low-emissivity surface of the reflective insulation and air layer is important to account. This article is focused on the determination of thermal properties of reflective insulation and the results of measured values thermal resistance of determination by hot box method using heat flow meter are presented here. As part of determination of thermal properties of reflective insulation by experimental methods, the test element used to measure the thermal resistance of an insulated air cavity had to be created for concordance with the normative requirements. The part of this article is determination of the thermal resistance by the calculation of derived physical relations and comparison with values of the laboratory measurement.

Abstract: Currently thermal insulating of the buildings is sorely needed from the point of view of energy as well as money savings. It is important to highlight that the most commonly used insulation materials in the building sector are the expanded polystyrene (EPS), the extruded polystyrene (XPS) and the fibrous (mineral, rock) ones. In this communication we confront 6 different insulating materials slabs (EPS 30, 100, 150, 200, a yellow XPS and a mineral wool by their thermal properties. Therefore two types of hypothetic building structures were created and they were insulated with the above presented materials from 0.01 m to 0.3 m thicknesses. For the calculations the thermal conductivity of each sample was determined using a Holometrix 2000 (HLS) heat flow meter. As a result their heat transfer coefficients, delaying abilities, energy storing capabilities and thermal diffusion coefficients were confronted. Besides a material constant had been defined and was paired with the measured thermal conductivity.

Abstract: Paper deals with practices significantly affecting quality and durability of external thermal insulation of the building envelope. Analysis is made by the survey of existing external constructions of buildings, experimental detection of bearing capacity of expansion anchors, including theoretical modelling of their activity in the external wall processed by the ANSYS program. Paper briefly summarizes new findings detected by control and testing activities for additional thermal protection of the building envelope.

Abstract: The regular exit check of the brick products is an important step as to meet the quality in brickworks. These products are characterized by pore and lightweight brick body, therefore, their physical properties depend primarily on the specific characteristics their pore structure. We can determine on the basis of one well-known property and the correlation relationships other characteristics of the brick body, since there is an assumption that these properties between themselves "connected". Authors propose to use this knowledge in the exit speed check directly at the factory. In this case could be monitored only one property and one that can be quickly and reliably determined, such as thermal conductivity of using an apparatus Isomet. It is then possible to set for the existence of a correlation function between thermal conductivity and compressive strength of brick body at regular intervals compressive strength without using a hydraulic press.

Abstract: Recycling building demolition waste in addition to environmental benefits is also economically interesting. In addressing the environmental issues it is recommended to give priority to recovery and rational utilization of waste with regard to their basic characteristics before disposal respectively storage. Issue of the use of recycled materials in concrete structures and their disposal in the world and in our longer pays much attention. Use and recycling of construction materials is a great asset for more prospective and progressive methods of construction waste utilizations. The program focused on waste management is therefore necessary to reconcile economic and environmental aspects in order to come to an optimal solution of the issue of waste and environmental protection.

Abstract: The brick products which are nowadays produced for the building envelopes have to meet ever higher demands in terms of their thermal properties. These demands can be achieved not only by means of an appropriate geometric shape but also by means of producing a brick body with low thermal conductivity. Such thermal conductivity can be the result of application of various combustible pore-forming agents (such as wood sawdust and cellulose wastes). In this paper we outline the decrease of thermal conductivity by means of two modifications of the Vuppor chemical additive.

Abstract: Fluidized fly ash has different physical and chemical properties compared to fly ash emerging from classic combustion. It contains amorphous phases resulting from a dehydration of clay minerals as well as unreacted sorbent of CaCO₃, free CaO and anhydrite (CaSO₄). Work targets the possibilities of production of an autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) from fluidized fly ash, and its influence on particular physical-mechanical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete.