Bio-Oil Derived from Palm Kernel Shell in Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effect of Particle Size

Abstract:

Bio-oil production from pyrolysis of 0.15-0.5 mm and 1-2 mm palm kernel shell (PKS) has been investigated in a fluidized bed reactor under the nitrogen gas flow rate of 25 L(NTP)/min, with reactor temperature of 450^°C. The pyrolysis unit has six successive condensers. Thus, six fractions of bio-oil samples were acquired from the six condensers. The calorific value, water content, ash content, and element content of each bio-oil samples were determined. The bio-oil yield from palm kernel shell with the size of 0.15-0.5 mm and 1-2 mm were 20 % and 26 %, respectively. The highest calorific value among the six bio-oil samples was 25.1 MJ/kg which was drawn from the forth condenser from pyrolysis of 0.15-0.5 mm of palm kernel shell. The incondensable gas was a mixture of hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and ethane.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 917)
• Pages: 63-71
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.917.63
• Online since: June 2014
• Authors: Ali Norizan*, Yoshimitsu Uemura, N. Omar Wissam, Toshio Tsutsui
• Keywords: Acetic Acid, Bio-Oil, Fluidized Bed Reactor, Palm Kernel Shell, Phenol

References

[1] M. Asadullah, M.A. Rahman, M.M. Ali, M.A. Motin, M.B. Sultan, M.R. Alam and M.S. Rahman, Jute stick pyrolysis for bio-oil production in fluidized bed reactor, Bioresour. Technol. 99 (2008) 44-50.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.002

[2] British Petroleum's statistical review of world energy 2008. [Accessed 18 March 2011].

[3] F. Sulaiman, N. Sulaiman, Optimum conditions for maximising pyrolysis liquids of oil palm empty fruit bunches, Energy 36 (2011) 2352-2359.

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.067

[4] N. Abdullah, H. Gerhauser, A.V. Bridgwater, Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis oil palm empty fruit bunches, J. Phy. Sci. 18 (2007) 57-74.

DOI: 10.21894/jopr.2018.0006

[5] N. Abdullah, H. Gerhauser, Bio-oil derived from empty fruit bunches, Fuel 87 (2008) 2606-2613.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.02.011

[6] M.A. Sukiran, C.M. Chin, N.K.A. Bakar, Bio-oil from pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches, Am. J. Appl. Sci. 6 (2009) 869-875.

DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2009.869.875

[7] Z. J Lu, Pyrolysis oil from fast pyrolysis of maize stalk, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 83 (2008) 206-212.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2008.08.005

[8] Y.K. Park, J.K. Jeon, S. Kim, J.S. Kim, Bio-oil from rice straw by pyrolysis using fluidized bed and char removal system, Prepr. Pap-Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Fuel Chem. 49 (2004) 800-801.

DOI: 10.1021/ef050015o.s002

[9] H.S. Heo, H.J. Park, Y.K. Park, C. Ryu, D.J. Suh, Y.W. Suh, J.H. Yim, S.S. Kim, Bio-oil production from fast pyrolysis of waste furniture sawdust in a fluidized bed, Bioresour. Technol. 101 (2010) S91 – S96.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.003

[10] Information on Official portal of Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 2011 on http: /econ. mpob. gov. my/economy/EID_web. htm. [Accessed 18 March 2011].

[11] H.B. Goyal, D. Seal, R.C. Saxena, Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: a review, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 12 (2008) 504-517.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.014

[12] M.T. Azizan, S. Yusup, F. D Mohd Laziz, M.M. Ahmad, Production of bio-oil from oil palm's empty fruit bunch via pyrolysis, Proceeding of the 3rd WSEAS Int. Conf. on Renewable Energy Sources (2009).

DOI: 10.5204/thesis.eprints.102133

[13] O. Onay, Influence of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate on the production of bio-oil and char from safflower seed by pyrolysis, using a well-swept fixed-bed reactor, Fuel Process. Technol. 88 (2007) 523-531.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.01.001

[14] A.A. Boateng, D.E. Dauugaard, N.M. Goldberg, K.B. Hicks, Bench-scale fluidized-bed pyrolysis of switchgrass of bio-oil production, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 46 (2007) 1891-1897.

DOI: 10.1021/ie0614529

[15] U. Desideri, G. Lazaroiu, C. Stroe, Conventional pyrolysis of spruce wood and hazelnut shell delivering oily products, J. Sust. Energ. 2 (2011) 55-58.

[16] J. Shen, X.S. Wang, M.G. Perez, D. Mourant, M.J. Rhodes and C.Z. Li, Effects of particle size on the fast pyrolysis of oil mallee woody biomass, Fuel 88 (2009) 1810-1817.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.05.001

[17] C.S. Goh, K.T. Tan, K.T. Lee, S. Bhatia, Bio-ethanol from lignocellulose: status, perspectives and chalangges in Malaysia, Bioresour. Technol. 101 (2010) 4834-4841.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.080

[18] M.V.D. Velden, J. Baeyens, A. Brems, B. Janssens, R. Dewil, Fundamentals, kinetics and endothermicity of the biomass pyrolysis reaction. Renew. Energ. 35 (2010) 232-242.

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.04.019

[19] S.J. Kim, S.H. Jung, J.S. Kim, Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compound, Bioresour. Technol. 101 (2010) 9294-9300.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.110