Advanced Materials Research Vols. 960-961

Abstract: CeO₂-Fe₃O₄/TiO₂ and CeO₂/TiO₂ catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method, and their activities for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ were investigated. As can be seen from the experimental results, the CeO₂-Fe₃O₄/TiO₂ catalyst prepared showed the best SCR activity and SO₂ resistance. Based on the characterization results of BET, XRD, NH₃-TPD and XPS the excellent performance of CeO₂-Fe₃O₄/TiO₂ catalyst should be resulted from its large surface area, high NH₃ adsorption capacity and high concentration of surface chemisorbed oxygen.

Abstract: The conglomerate reservoir is provided with strong heterogeneity and complex pore structure. To study the matching relationship between polymer flooding system and pore throat of the conglomerate reservoir and set up the flow matching relationship plate, this paper conducted natural core flow experiments at the true flow rate of the site formation based on constant pressure flooding method, considering the shear of the borehole and the formation. And several suitable polymers for different reservoirs permeability were given. The experimental results indicated that a positive correlation between the flow properties and the viscosity of the polymer solution, but a negative correlation between the mobility and the permeability of reservoir. Such as the natural core with the permeability = 30×10^-3μm² was suitable for the viscosity≤16.0 mPa^.s of the polymer solution in the formation, the natural core with the permeability = 60×10^-3μm² was suitable for the viscosity≤35.2mPa^.s of the polymer solution and the natural core with the permeability = 120×10^-3μm² was suitable for the viscosity≤102.4mPa^.s of the polymer solution. Using compatibility relationship, quickly and easily choose the right injection parameters of the polymer based on the reservoir permeability, providing a theoretical basis for program preparation and parameters adjustment of the polymer flooding.

Abstract: Based on analyzing and testing the core samples of three inspection wells, we research in-layer heterogeneity of the main types monosandbody; in order to build macroscopic analysis on the difference of physical properties in reservoir interbedded, we can also draw distribution diagram of the interbedded sandstone’s average porosity and permeability through the physical property data in the study area, meanwhile it is necessary to use statistic data of physical parameters including variation coefficient, mutation coefficient and range to draw tables，which can show the degree of heterogeneity of monosandbody in the reservoir become much stronger from top to bottom; In addition, according to the study of plane microfacies and monosandbody, the information relating to the heterogeneity of the main monosandbody can be acquired. In conclusion, it is clear to know the distribution characteristics of remaining oil deriving from FuYu oil layer in the Chao 45 Block, and the distribution area of residual potential of microfacies by reducing the heterogeneity of reservoir to improve the connectivity, and then increase the mining effect.

Abstract: Sodium metatungstate (SMT) solution is an inorganic heavy liquid which is widely used in density fractionation. However, rheological properties of aqueous SMT solutions have never been fully researched. The objective of the present work was to study the rheological properties of aqueous SMT solutions and effects of temperature and density on the apparent viscosity. The steady flow experimental data was fitted using Herschel-Bulkley model. The results show that aqueous SMT solutions of different density are pseudoplastic fluids and the flow curves of SMT solutions were described by the Hershel-Bulkley equation. The apparent viscosity decreases monotonically with increasing temperature under the same density and increases exponentially with increasing density at the fixed temperature. Rheological properties of aqueous SMT solutions can be applied in the calculation of density fractionation efficiency and provides a theoretical basis for flow simulation.

Abstract: In this paper, firstly, the X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) is used for the analysis of internal structure of sand-packed beds. Binary data which are able to describe the pore structures of these beds were obtained from a series of imaging processing of rescaling, media filtering, and thresholding. Then a Maximal Ball (MB) algorithm is applied to these binary data to extract the equivalent pore networks. The parameters of the pore networks, such as radius, coordination number and shape factors of pore and throat are computed. The results demonstrate that the MB method can extract reasonable and faithful pore network of the different sand packed samples. Finally, the relative permeability and capillary pressure of drainage and imbibition cycle of water and oil are predicated. The numerical simulation results demonstrated good accordance with that of the experiments. Pore network simulation shows good results for two phase flow in porous media.

Abstract: Study on Formation Type II is so few that affect on tapping the potential ^[2]. Analyzing petrophysics of Formation Type I and II by mercury injection curve normalization, it’s vital to developing method choice on tapping the potential of Formation Type II. Capillary pressure curves (Pc-curves) from conventional Mercury Injection are hard to analyze and compare because of various shapes. To get typical capillary pressure curves for Formation Type I and II, the curves from Mercury Injection is processed by Function J, and the J function curves and normalized Pc-curves for tabulated thin layers, tabulated thick layers and un-tabulated layers in Formation Type I and II, compare and analyze the influence of permeability on the shape of J function curves and normalized Pc-curves; compare the influence of different kinds of layers with the same permeability order of magnitude on the shape of J function curves and normalized Pc-curves, i.e. the influence of other factors except permeability, to get some visual identification methods and analyze the petrophysics difference between Formation Type I and II which is shown on Pc-curves.

Abstract: The natural rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (NR/PVA) blends containing various compatilizers grafted from NR were prepared using latex compounding techniques. The effects of various compatilizers on the morphology, mechanical properties and thermal behaviors were studied. The interface compatible performance of the blends were greatly improved with the presence of the compatilizers, and the phase dispertion of the blends achieved the best effect under the action of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The onset temperature of the thermal decomposition of ENR and graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto NR (NR-g-PMMA) increased obviously, but the maleic anhydride grafted onto NR (NR-g-MAH) drop obviously comparing to that of NR. The thermal stability of the blends were inferior to NR. With the presence of ENR, the tensile strength and elongation at break obtained great value which was ascribed the presence of the best phase dispertion, while the tear strength and shore A hardness obtained great value due to the addition of MAH-g-NR.

Abstract: Tilapia scale was used as the raw material to explore the preparation methods of EGCG adsorption material. Based on the results, the most reasonable interpretation of the data indicates that the EGCG adsorption material preparation process was as follows, particle size 0.30-0.45 mm , preparation temperature 110°C,pH 7 , solid to liquid ratio (g/mL) 1:6, time 20 min . Under this condition, the adsorption capacity of EGCG was 23.53mg/g.

Abstract: The chemical composition, phase component and morphology characteristics of scale were researched by chemical analysis, XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that the scale can be divided into iron minerals, silicon minerals, Ca-Ti-Mg minerals and aluminum hydroxide. Alumogoethite and micro-fine sodium-silicon slag fill in the gaps between the neat and bulky hematite crystals. Microgranular hydrated garnet and olivine fill in the gaps between the goethite crystals with a dense layered structure, accompanied by a small amount of galena and apatite precipitation particles. Perovskite and magnesium hydroxide have five periodic sedimentary cycles, forming an alternating sedimentary layer structure. Aluminum hydroxide forms thick scale and presents two kinds of typical structures, spherulitic and laminated. The research provides the theoretical basis for preventing and controlling scale in high-pressure digester group.

Abstract: The characteristics of the corrugated steel culvert and the deterioration of the structure are analyzed. The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) approach is put forward to analysis the initial, maintenance and recycling cost of the different material culverts. The user delay costs are added to the typical LCC values considering the deterioration and the failure of structures. The analysis and the economic comparison results show that the total LCC values at the failure emergency situation is much larger than the situation when the deterioration is considered initiatively. Such economic analysis can help the project decision makers better understand the risks associated with deterioration and failure. The inspection and maintenance schedule should be formulated considering the culvert size, the environment in which the culvert is placed, and the characteristics of the soil and the backfill.