Removal of Pb (II) by CS₂ Modified Kenaf Powder

Abstract:

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is a hardy crop that has wide industrial applications such as insulator, paper, carpet padding, bedding and a good adsorbent for oil. This study investigated the ability of carbon disulfide (CS₂) modified kenaf (CMK) to remove toxic Pb (II) from waste water. Adsorbent characterization was carried out by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope (FESEM-EDX) analysis. The adsorption kinetic data was well described by pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption isotherm study indicated that Langmuir model fitted well with the experimental data than the Freundlich model. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacities of Pb (II) (q_max) was 63.3 mg g^{-1 .}This study suggested that CMK has a good potential to be used as an adsorbent material for Pb (II) removal from aqueous solutions.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 970)
• Pages: 7-11
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.970.7
• Online since: June 2014
• Authors: Siti Raihan Zakaria*, Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah, Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai, Zurhana Mat Hussin, Wan Khaima Azira Wan Mat Khalir, Mardhiah Ismail
• Keywords: Characterization, Isotherm, Kenaf, Kinetic, Xanthation

References

[1] Z. Hamzah, A. Saat, A. K. Wood, Z. A. Bakar, A. S. Area, Sedimentation , Heavy Metals Profiles and Cluster Analysis of a Former Tin Mining Lake, Int. J. Environ. Technol. Manage. 2 (2011) 448-453.

DOI: 10.7763/ijesd.2011.v2.167

[2] B. Pejic, M. Vukcevic, M. Kostic, P. Skundric, Biosorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by short hemp fibers: Effect of chemical composition, J. Hazard. Mater. 164 (2009) 146–153.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.139

[3] A. Demirbas, Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials : A review, J. Hazard. Mater. 157 (2008) 220–229.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.024

[4] W. S. W. Ngah, M. A. K. M. Hanafiah, Adsorption of copper on rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder : Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies, J. Environ. Sci. l (2008a) 521–530.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.11.006

[5] D. Chauhan and N. Sankararamakrishnan (2008). Highly enhanced adsorption for decontamination of lead ions from battery wastewaters using chitosan functionalized with xanthate., Bioresource Technology 99(18): 9021-9024.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.024

[6] W. S. W. Ngah and M. A. K. M. Hanafiah, Biosorption of copper ions from dilute aqueous solutions on base treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves powder : kinetics, isotherm and biosorption mechanisms, J. Environ. Sci. 20 (2008b) 1168–1176.

DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62205-6

[7] M.A.K.M. Hanafiah, W.S. Ngah, S.C. Ibrahim, H. Zakaria, W.A.H. W Alias, Kinetics and thermodynamic study of lead adsorption from aqueous solution onto rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder, J. Appl Sci. 6 (2006) 2762-2767.

DOI: 10.3923/jas.2006.2762.2767

[8] Z. Wu, Z. Cheng, W. Ma, Adsorption of Pb(II) from glucose solution on thiol-functionalized cellulosic biomass, Bioresour. Technol. 104 (2012) 807-809.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.100

[9] A.E. Ofomaja, E.B. Naidoo, S.J. Modise, Biosorption of copper(II) and lead(II) onto potassium hydroxide treated pine cone powder, J. Environ. Manage. 91 (2010) 1674-1685.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.03.005

[10] Y. Xue, B. Gao, Y. Yao, M. Inyang, M. Zhang, A.R. Zimmermann, Hydrogen peroxide modification enhances the ability of biochar (hydrochar) produced from hydrothermal carbonization of peanut hull to remove aqueous heavy metals: Batch and column tests, Chem. Eng. J. 200-202 (2012).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.116

[11] G. Tan, H. Yuan, Y. Liu, D. Xiou, Removal of lead from aqueous solution with native and chemically modified corncorbs, J. Hazard. Mater. 174 (2010) 740-745.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.114