Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 107

Abstract: Effects of Water cement ratios on strengths characteristics of concrete produced with Recycled Iron and Steel Slag (RISS) aggregates was studied to understand the structural integrity of RISS aggregate in concrete and to determine the veracity of RISS aggregate as alternative aggregate to granite in concrete works. Mineralogical composition of the aggregate showed Silicon oxide (quartz) as the common mineral; both aggregates are well graded, strong and durable. Lower water cement ratios improved both the compressive and flexural strengths of RISS and granite concrete.

Abstract: Aggregates constitute 60 – 80% of total concrete constituents. The characteristics of concrete may be affected by the sources from which the aggregate was obtained. The effects of granite sourced from four selected locations within Ogbomoso, Nigeria; on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete were investigated. The granites were obtained from: Asafa (8⁰ 4.68¹ N and 4⁰ 20.78¹ E), Ola-jesu (8⁰ 13.59¹ N and 4⁰ 10.1¹ E), Igbo-ile (8⁰ 4.68¹ N and 4⁰ 19.57¹ E) and Apasu (8⁰ 14.96¹ N and 4⁰ 10.05¹ E). Sieve analysis, specific gravity, moisture content, Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) and Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) of the granites were determined. The aggregates were used to produce concrete of two different mix ratio-1:2:4 and 1:3:6. Slump and compaction factor tests were carried out on fresh concrete and compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and water absorption on hardened concrete. The results indicated that granite obtained from Asafa and Ola-jesu exhibited improved characteristics over those sourced from Igbo-ile and Apasu and are more suitable for use in producing high-quality concrete.

Abstract: The paper presents a mathematical model and the results of numerical calculations of heat transfer processes during the flow of highly viscous crude oil in an oil pipeline. Comparison with literature data is performed. The samples of oil from the field of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) that are characterized by high viscosity were considered as crude oil. The influence of air temperature on the temperature distribution in the soil was investigated. The analysis of the distribution of crude oil temperature along the length of the pipeline was carried out.

Abstract: The harmful impact of Portland cement manufacture on a global scale has prompted an extensive search for clinker replacement materials and alternative low CO₂ cements. This paper investigated prospects and application of Calcined Clay Pozzolan with Hydraulic Lime in built industry. Limestone and Raw clay from Ewekoro and Owode-Ketu areas in Ogun State were sourced for the production after being calcined in kiln at temperatures of 950°C and 700°C for 2 hours respectively. Binders were produced by blending Calcined lime (L) and Calcined clay (C) together by mass in different variations (20%L:80%C; 40%L:60%C; 60%L:40%C; 80%L:20%C; 100%L:0%C). Consequently, these binders were mixed with fine aggregate to produce mortar cubes at a mix ratio and water cement ratio of 1:3 and 0.5 respectively. An average of 3 cubes were cast per mix to produce a total of 90, 100mm cubes and cured by water sprinkling for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 90 days respectively. These cubes were subjected to bulk density and compressive strength tests in order to ascertain their durability. Owode-Ketu calcined clay was found to be a class N Pozzolana according to ASTM C618-08. The densities and compressive strengths of the various cubes ranged between 1785 – 1870 kg/m³ and 0.15 – 1.09 MPa respectively for all the curing periods. The binder 60%L:40%C was found to be the best of all the binders owing to its compressive strength (0.89 MPa) after 28 days curing period. All binders except 100%L:0%C could be used in any masonry, rendering, plastering and pointing application because they exhibited compressive strengths in the range of 0.4 to 2.5 MPa after 28 days curing period.

Abstract: The corrosion of the internal steel bars of reinforced concrete structures is still a maintenance problem. This study aims to detect corrosion cracks in covered concrete by DIC. We proposed a new test specimen and method of electrolytic corrosion testing suitable for tracking corrosion cracks by DIC (Digital Image Correlation Analysis), and succeeded in understanding the crack initiation behavior of single and double bar specimens.

Abstract: Cobalt-based alloys have recently gained so much attention in the medical field due to their improved mechanical properties such as wear resistance and high thermal stability. However, limitations in the area of corrosion has posed a great challenge, leading to further studies being carried out on the corrosion resistance of these alloys. In this study, an investigation on the corrosion resistance of Co-Cr-Mo based alloys in 0.9 % NaCl solution was carried at 37 oC and pH of 7.4 using potentiodynamic polarization and chronopotentiometry electrochemical techniques. The surface analysis of the alloys before and after corrosion test was done using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results obtained from the electrochemical tests showed sample without titanium (Ti) addition to be more resistance to corrosion in the salt solution compared to those containing Ti. It was observed that a decrease in Cr content in the alloys resulted in an increase in corrosion rate from 0.7868 to 1.3805 mpy. The SEM images confirmed the presence of Cr, Co and Mo in the alloys.

Abstract: This study aims at systematically analyzing the influence of the factors that determine mobile phone use on the farming ecosystem. A systematic literature review was used to extract the determinants of mobile phone use and the farming activities that mobile phones are used for. The focus was on Nigeria’s rural context. The extracted data were used as system variables to develop a qualitative system dynamics model. The use of system dynamics modeling provided a means of accounting for the complex interactions and relationships between system variables. This also offered a unique dimension in understanding the influence of mobile phone technology on agricultural growth and development. The major feedback loops in the model indicated reinforcing loops in virtuous circles. These show that the use of mobile phone technology has a positive influence on farm productivity and the over-all well-being of farmers. The study concludes with implications for policies geared towards mobile phone use in farming.

Abstract: Mobile Health (mHealth) refers to any medical and public health practice aided by smart phones, tablets, or any mobile device. These devices are able to move about which allows communication anytime, anywhere. M-health is considered as the next step beyond the E-health systems. In recent times, M-health has become a new normal that has come to stay, despite the gradual reduction in COVID 19 cases worldwide that was believed to prompts most organization to go online. Software Developers have been on their toes trying to develop applications that can run effectively and remotely to deliver all healthcare services via mobile devices. This paper intends to develop a robust Mobile App using Zoho Creator that can effectively be bundled on any platform (Android, IOS etc) to meet the needs of patients anytime, everywhere. The application is rich with embedded platform and privileges for Doctors, Pharmacist, Lab scientist, Nurses, Medical record officers and patients. The interfaces are developed in a way that is attractive, easy to use, and optimized to meet the user’s needs. The app also takes care of selfservice facilities like Blood Pressure( BP) test, temperature test, heartbeat and some basic first aid and public health information tips for daily use.

Abstract: In Nigeria, a crucial responsibility of the executive arms of the government is to submit annual budgetary allocations to the national assembly for approval. Due to the diversity and complexity of the budget, the national assembly is mandated to carry out its constitutional duty of scrutinizing the budget to discover irregularity or anomaly, make recommendations, or substantial modification upon what it received. This is very challenging, particularly in Nigeria where there are many different ethnicities and regional, to ensure inclusiveness, the national assembly must carry out its constitutional duty diligently and carefully without fear or favor that often has unintended consequences. This might not be very easy to accomplish within a short period. Thus, this research aims at detecting an anomaly in the budget that will ease the legislative duty thereby facilitating the process of appropriation. The concept of Clustering for Machine learning technique was used for the detection of an anomaly, where the detected ones are noted and indicated for critical examination.

Abstract: The essence of my paper is to intricately look at data transfer with various modulation techniques over various communication channels. And run simulations to uncover the Bit Error Rate (BER) of various relevant scenarios. I will evaluate the performance of modulation techniques from Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK or 2PSK) to 16PSK and other modulation techniques with the consideration of time. Their performance will be evaluated and analyzed by calculating their probability of bit error rate (BER) versus the Energy per bit to spectral noise density (Eb/No) over various wireless channel models such as the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Rayleigh channel and Ricean channel. My simulation results will graphically display the effective performance of each communication scenario; it will give us a better understanding of why performances of data communications techniques.