Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing Industry 4.0 in Recycling Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites

Article Preview

Abstract:

At the time of unprecedented development of digital technologies, business owners across various industries need to stay up-to-date in terms of using cutting-edge technologies such as Industry 4.0 to ensure competitive performance. There are still many areas where their positive implications of digital technologies have not been applied. For example, the end-of-life (EoL) waste from the automotive, aerospace, and wind energy industries is still accumulating in landfills. At present, an increasing number of vehicles, airplanes, and wind turbine blades are made of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRPs) leading to an urgent demand for implementing sustainable waste disposal strategies. Thus, recycling CFRPs is a key research area that provides a potential for improvement, particularly, in terms of digitalization. This study addresses the issues prevalent in this sphere and proposes Industry 4.0 related technologies to be integrated into the CFRP recycling supply chain stages, including waste collection, dismantling, transportation, recycling, and re-manufacturing. For this purpose, key technologies were selected from the literature review, smart recycling trends were defined and relevant analysis was carried out to map technologies onto the CFRP recycling supply chain.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Info:

Periodical:

Pages:

67-73

Citation:

Online since:

August 2022

Export:

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Permissions PLS:

Сopyright:

© 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

[1] D. Ozkan, M. S. Gok, and A. C. Karaoglanli, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composite Materials, Their Characteristic Properties, Industrial Application Areas and Their Machinability,, in Engineering design applications, 2020, p.235–253.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39062-4_20

Google Scholar

[2] D. Rajak, D. Pagar, P. Menezes, and E. Linul, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications,, Polymers (Basel)., vol. 11, no. 10, p.1667, Oct. (2019).

DOI: 10.3390/polym11101667

Google Scholar

[3] W. Liu, H. Huang, H. Cheng, and Z. Liu, CFRP Reclamation and Remanufacturing Based on a Closed-loop Recycling Process for Carbon Fibers Using Supercritical N-butanol,, Fibers Polym., vol. 21, no. 3, p.604–618, (2020).

DOI: 10.1007/s12221-020-9575-7

Google Scholar

[4] X. Li, R. Bai, and J. McKechnie, Environmental and financial performance of mechanical recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymers and comparison with conventional disposal routes,, J. Clean. Prod., vol. 127, p.451–460, Jul. (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.139

Google Scholar

[5] A. Rahimizadeh, J. Kalman, K. Fayazbakhsh, and L. Lessard, Recycling of fiberglass wind turbine blades into reinforced filaments for use in Additive Manufacturing,, Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 175, p.107101, Oct. (2019).

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107101

Google Scholar

[6] S. Francis, The state of recycled carbon fiber,, Compositesworld.com. (2019).

Google Scholar

[7] T. Stock and G. Seliger, Opportunities of Sustainable Manufacturing in Industry 4.0,, Procedia CIRP, vol. 40, p.536–541, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2016.01.129

Google Scholar

[8] C. Johnson, Impacts of Digitalization on Traceability A Case Study of the Carbon Fiber Supply Chain,, in The Digital Transformation of Logistics: Demystifying Impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, IEEE Press, 2021, p.311–327.

DOI: 10.1002/9781119646495.ch22

Google Scholar

[9] A. Meiirbekov, E. Shehab, A. Amantayeva, S. Tokbolat, A. Suleimen, and S. Sarfraz, Understanding Uncertainty in Recycling Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite,, in The 18th International Conference on Manufacturing Research (ICMR 2021), 2021, p.166–171.

DOI: 10.3233/atde210031

Google Scholar

[10] S. Black, Composites and Industry 4.0: Where are we?,, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/composites-and-industry-40-where-are-we.

Google Scholar

[11] Digitalization takes off at the boeing company: building a next generation supply chain,, Harvard Business School, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://digital.hbs.edu/platform-rctom/submission/digitalization-takes-off-at-the-boeing-company-building-a-next-generation-supply-chain/.

Google Scholar

[12] S. Blömeke, J. Rickert, M. Mennenga, S. Thiede, T. S. Spengler, and C. Herrmann, Recycling 4.0 – Mapping smart manufacturing solutions to remanufacturing and recycling operations,, Procedia CIRP, vol. 90, p.600–605, (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2020.02.045

Google Scholar

[13] M. Kerin and D. T. Pham, A review of emerging industry 4.0 technologies in remanufacturing,, J. Clean. Prod., vol. 237, p.0–37, (2019).

Google Scholar

[14] R. Geiger, Y. Hannan, W. Travia, R. Naboni, and C. Schlette, Composite wind turbine blade recycling - value creation through Industry 4.0 to enable circularity in repurposing of composites,, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 942, p.012016, Oct. (2020).

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/942/1/012016

Google Scholar

[15] M. M. L. Chang, S. K. Ong, and A. Y. C. Nee, AR-guided Product Disassembly for Maintenance and Remanufacturing,, Procedia CIRP, vol. 61, p.299–304, (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.194

Google Scholar

[16] M. Pech, J. Vrchota, and J. Bednář, Predictive Maintenance and Intelligent Sensors in Smart Factory: Review,, Sensors, vol. 21, no. 4, p.1470, Feb. (2021).

DOI: 10.3390/s21041470

Google Scholar

[17] S. Ruggeri, G. Fontana, V. Basile, M. Valori, and I. Fassi, Micro-robotic Handling Solutions for PCB (re-)Manufacturing,, in Procedia Manufacturing, 2017, vol. 11, no. June, p.441–448.

DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.07.132

Google Scholar

[18] X. Tian, T. Liu, Q. Wang, A. Dilmurat, D. Li, and G. Ziegmann, Recycling and remanufacturing of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites,, J. Clean. Prod., vol. 142, p.1609–1618, (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.139

Google Scholar

[19] S. J. Pickering, Recycling technologies for thermoset composite materials-current status,, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., vol. 37, no. 8, p.1206–1215, (2006).

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.030

Google Scholar

[20] B. Johansson, A. Alajbegovic, V. Alexopoulo, and A. Desalermos, Cloud ERP adoption opportunities and concerns: The role of organizational size,, in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2015, vol. 2015-March, p.4211–4219.

DOI: 10.1109/hicss.2015.504

Google Scholar

[21] L. Mishnaevsky, Sustainable End-of-Life Management of Wind Turbine Blades: Overview of Current and Coming Solutions,, Materials (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 5, p.1124, Feb. (2021).

DOI: 10.3390/ma14051124

Google Scholar

[22] H. C. Yi and J. W. Park, Design and implementation of an End-of-Life vehicle recycling center based on IoT (Internet of Things) in Korea,, in Procedia CIRP, 2015, vol. 29, p.728–733.

DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.007

Google Scholar

[23] L. Barreto, A. Amaral, and T. Pereira, Industry 4.0 implications in logistics: an overview,, in Procedia Manufacturing, 2017, vol. 13, p.1245–1252.

DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.045

Google Scholar

[24] S. Roy, The role of technology and industry 4.0 in transforming waste management,, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://techwireasia.com/2019/10/the-role-of-technology-and-industry-4-0-in-transforming-waste-management/.

Google Scholar

[25] Y. Wang, H.-S. Ma, J.-H. Yang, and K.-S. Wang, Industry 4.0: a way from mass customization to mass personalization production,, Adv. Manuf., vol. 5, no. 4, p.311–320, Dec. (2017).

DOI: 10.1007/s40436-017-0204-7

Google Scholar

[26] M. L. Nunes, A. C. Pereira, and A. C. Alves, Smart products development approaches for Industry 4.0,, Procedia Manuf., vol. 13, p.1215–1222, (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.035

Google Scholar

[27] J. Yang, H. Xie, G. Yu, and M. Liu, Achieving a just–in–time supply chain: The role of supply chain intelligence,, Int. J. Prod. Econ., vol. 231, p.107878, Jan. (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107878

Google Scholar

[28] R. J. Tapper, M. L. Longana, H. Yu, I. Hamerton, and K. D. Potter, Development of a closed-loop recycling process for discontinuous carbon fibre polypropylene composites,, Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 146, p.222–231, Aug. (2018).

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.03.048

Google Scholar

[29] L. Giorgini, T. Benelli, G. Brancolini, and L. Mazzocchetti, Recycling of carbon fiber reinforced composite waste to close their life cycle in a cradle-to-cradle approach,, Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem., vol. 26, p.100368, Dec. (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2020.100368

Google Scholar

[30] W. Liu, H. Huang, L. Zhu, and Z. Liu, Integrating carbon fiber reclamation and additive manufacturing for recycling CFRP waste,, Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 215, p.108808, Jun. (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108808

Google Scholar