Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 153

Abstract: High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new and rapidly developing area of materials science, characterized by their high entropy content. High-entropy alloys have received considerable attention in recent years because of their properties, such as high tensile strength, corrosion resistance and excellent heat resistance. These materials have the potential to broaden material utilization in aerospace, automotive, energy, and other industries. There are three main manufacturing technology group to produce high entropy alloys. These groups are melting and casting, powder metallurgy, and deposition techniques. The manufacturing processes is essential to optimize the properties of the final product and meet the requirements of the application. The paper summarizes the four core effects and the production methods for high-entropy alloys.

Abstract: The fourth industrial revolution has led companies to place increasing emphasis on the digitization of their processes. By digitizing production processes, they can create cyber-physical systems in which connected elements are able to make decisions about their operation in real-time based on information collected and processed by themselves and by other networked elements. However, to do this, the elements involved in the processes under study need to be equipped with different sensors and actuators, and communication and data transfer between them must be ensured so that the information processed would be available. These challenges are addressed by technologies emerging with Industry 4.0, such as the Internet of Things or cloud computing. Within the Big Data phenomenon, it is important to define what kind of data must be collected about and how it can be properly stored and used in operations to maximize productivity efficiency. Today, we are already familiar with artificial intelligence applications that can either optimize individual material handling tasks or predict maintenance tasks resulting from operations. To create a cyber-physical system that fully supports the production processes of a company, it is necessary to collect the right information about each process. In order to do this, primarily, companies need to use different identification and tracking solutions. In the life of manufacturing companies, tasks related to realizing material flows are seen as necessary but not value-creating processes, which can largely be described by dynamic information. For this reason, in this study, we will look at material flow processes at the shopfloor level in terms of how ready the companies are for the digitization at this level. Our aim is to show the segments worth investigating in the value creating processes, such as the principle of “transparency”, “traceability” and “controllability”. In addition, the study presents an approach to discover the currently existing Industry 4.0 readiness and Industry 4.0 maturity.

Abstract: In this work, a method for optimizing the main clamping components for a vibration system on the working body of a plow is presented in order to reduce the forward forces. To achieve this goal, a variable geometric model is established, which considers the unique operational parameters, and a three-dimensional finite element model is generated for conducting an optimization investigation. The 3D finite element analysis is automatically refreshed for each version of the geometric model. An optimization analysis is characterized by its defined goals or objective functions, alongside design variables and constraints. To illustrate, one can adjust the dimensions of a component to minimize material usage, all the while ensuring that stresses remain below a predefined threshold. In this scenario, the volume being minimized serves as the objective function, the dimensions under adjustment represent the design variables, and the stress limitation acts as the behavior constraint. The main objective is to optimize fasteners using finite element analysis to reduce production cost with maximum efficiency.

Abstract: Besides conventional shaping methods like injection molding and extrusion, various additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have been steadily gaining prominence due to the numerous benefits they offer. These advantages include swift and uncomplicated shaping, the capability to produce components with intricate geometries during both the design and production phases, manufacturability enhancements, and cost-efficiency.In the context of the automotive industry, components produced often need to adhere to stringent standards. When it comes to these manufactured parts, the precision of processing and the quality of the surface represent the paramount complex metrics that dictate the performance attributes of the specific part.The surface roughness of parts produced by 3D printing depends on many factors: from CAD to stl (standard triangular language) conversation and from the chosen method, layer thickness, printing speed, printing temperature.It can be done surface modification by different methods: application of coatings, surface modification procedures (chemical, e.g. etching, physical, e.g. chipping (milling, turning), ironing (software based method)The surface roughness depends also the place of the investigation: Horizontal or vertical walls, sloping surfaces. Surface roughness also varies on the same surface by changing slope due to the staircase effect.Moreover the surface roughness depends on the method of the investigation parallel or perpendicular to the layers and the printing or infill direction.In the last two cases it should be a good choice to use S_a which is the extension of Ra (arithmetical mean height of a line) to a surface. It expresses, as an absolute value, the difference in height of each point compared to the arithmetical mean of the surface.In this paper, we explore this issue

Abstract: The research investigates the application of static structural finite element analyses in studying spiral bevel teeth gear of Polski fiat with four tooth angles at 25, 30, 35, 40 degrees. The researchers simulated 16 times using Ansys, investigating all the load cases. These included elements such as deformations, normal stress, equivalent stress at the tooth contacts. Findings provide guidance on gear updating and improvement in gearbox gearing response, which enhance subsequent generation mechanical systems.

Abstract: The aim of this study explores the application of additive manufacturing (AM) technique used to produce a cutting tool known as flat form tool. The study shows the advantages of using this new innovative technology and utilizing AM processes, such as 3D printing, to create these tools, examining factors like design flexibility, material optimization, and cost effectiveness. Furthermore, the paper shows the creation of the CAD models and 3D-printing through fused deposition modeling based on the CAD models. The aim of this study is to highlight the advancement in additive manufacturing technology that contributes to enhancing the overall manufacturing process of a flat form tool.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to give an analytical solution for the Saint-Venant torsion of bars having cross section bounded by two hyperbola arcs. The solution of the problem is based on the theory of uniform torsion which was developed by Saint-Venant and Prandtl. The material of the bar is homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic.

Abstract: The introduction of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) is bringing a significant transformation in the field of transportation, presenting unparalleled prospects for enhancing road safety, mitigating traffic congestion, and optimizing energy efficiency. Platooning, as one of the pioneering applications of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles, emerges as a very promising approach to enhance traffic flow and mitigate ecological consequences. This review examines the integration of advanced technology and the multifaceted obstacles associated with CAV platooning. Commencing with a comprehensive examination of the fundamental technologies involved, such as sensor fusion, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and artificial intelligence algorithms, this article explores the essential elements that facilitate the smooth coordination of CAV platoons.

Abstract: The consequences of rear-end collision with a heavy vehicle could be significantly high risky, and the likelihood of the serious personal injury is notable high. The importance of an under-running guard is to increase the occupants survive and reduce the technical and personal injury. The lack of RUPD (Rear Underrun Protection Device) could involve fatal situations regarding to the occupants of the rear impacted personal car, therefore the application of this guard is not arbitrary option due to the strict national safety regulations. Analyzing the role of RUPD the distinction is made between two main functions. Due to the notable clearance between the floor height of the rear and the road, at the case of rear impact the cockpit of the personal car could be essentially abolished. The second expected function of RUPD to absorb impact energy as much as possible. The development a new RUPD or an improvement of recent one could be complex engineering task, since the absorbing ability and the proper strength requirement call for frequent contrast conditions during the construction designing. Taking into consideration of requirements of weight optimization the complexity of the designing could be even more complicated. One of the most ideal impact energy absorber could be the aluminium foam. Recent study investigates the ways to improve the amount of absorbed energy by the closed-cell aluminium foam using radial constrain during the compression. The second half of the study introduces a finite element analyses research related to the folding behavior of thin walled structures (crashbox) as energy absorber. By structures is analyzed and compared by the peak force at the moment of impact, the folding force fluctuation and the amount of absorbed energy.