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Analysis of the LOD(Level of Detail) in Real and Virtual Urban Spaces

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Abstract:

This study explores the required Level of Detail (LOD) in 3D urban models to elicit observation responses similar to those in real spaces. Through experiments involving 30 participants, both real-world and 3D-modeled streetscapes were evaluated using psychological surveys and webcam-based eye-tracking. Results showed that higher model precision generally produced responses closer to those from real environments. However, inconsistencies appeared at higher LODs, likely due to fatigue or equipment limitations. Open horizontal spaces attracted greater attention, suggesting the need for detailed modeling in such zones. While a clear threshold of sufficient detail was not found, the findings highlight the potential of 3D models as substitutes for field observation and the necessity for standardized LOD criteria in urban simulations.

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Periodical:

Advances in Science and Technology (Volume 173)

Pages:

17-23

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-D2YG1x

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Online since:

February 2026

Authors:

Dongsung Bae, Kibong Kim*, Jea Sun Lee

Keywords:

3D Modeling, Computer Vision, Human Scale, Landscape Assessment, Level of Detail, Machine Learning, Meta-Verse, Modeling Components, Observer’s Reaction, Virtual Simulation

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Сopyright:

© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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