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Effects of Electrolyte Salt on the 15°C Performance of a SiOx–C Negative Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Abstract:

Silicon oxide–carbon (SiOx–C) negative electrodes exhibit diminished performance at reduced temperature. This study isolates the role of electrolyte salt in EC/DMC half‑cells by holding the electrode formulation, separator, potential window, and current density constant and comparing 25°C and 15°C. Galvanostatic profiles and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to quantify polarization, capacity, and interfacial resistance. On lowering to 15°C, all salts showed increased polarization; the severity followed LiCF3SO3 ≳ LiClO4 > LiPF6 ≫ LiBF4. Nyquist spectra exhibited the same ordering in the growth of the mid‑frequency arc. At 25°C, the durable capacity ranking was LiBF4 > LiPF6 > LiClO4 > LiCF3SO3. Under the fixed protocol, capacities at 15°C collapsed toward low values for all salts, indicating a kinetic penalty sufficient to trigger premature voltage cutoffs. LiBF4 minimized the increase in interfacial resistance but did not preserve capacity at 15°C. The data show salt-dependent low-temperature kinetics in SiOx–C and indicate that operation near 15°C requires lower current density, adjusted potential windows, or deliberate control of interphase and solvation chemistry.

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Periodical:

Advances in Science and Technology (Volume 179)

Pages:

85-92

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8Lfsqh

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Online since:

June 2026

Authors:

Yeongung Cho, Soon Ki Jeong*

Keywords:

Discharge Capacity, Electrolyte Salt, Impedance, LiBF4, Low Temperature, SiOx–C Negative Electrode

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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