Paper Titles
Preface
Comparative Impact of Melamine Formaldehyde and Polyurethane Microencapsulated PCMs on the Compressive Strength of Concrete
p.3
Utilization of Rice Husk Ash and Fly Ash for Sustainable Concrete Development in Pakistan
p.11
Experimental Evaluation of Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Bentonite Clay and Marble Dust as Sustainable Additives
p.21
Evaluating the Properties of Concrete by Incorporating Bentonite and Crumb Rubber
p.33
Effects of Micro and Nano Scale Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose Fibers on Cement Based Materials
p.41
Optimizing Acid Resistance of Concrete Due to the Synergistic Effect of Bentonite and Fly Ash Dosages: Mass Loss Kinetics and Microstructural Analysis under HCL
p.57
Discrete vs Smeared Modelling Strategies for TRM – Strengthened Beams: A Benchmark Study
p.67
Physics-Informed Neural Networks Fusion with Deep Learning for Structural Health Monitoring and Prognostics - A Review
p.75

Evaluating the Properties of Concrete by Incorporating Bentonite and Crumb Rubber

Article Preview

Abstract:

Use of Waste materials and pozzolanic materials in concrete offer a solution to solve environmental problems arising due to the production of cement and discarded rubber tyres worldwide. The use of crumb rubber in concrete decreases the formation of cracks which helps to withstand greater tensile loads. Several Studies have been conducted to use pozzolanic materials in concrete, like Fly ash, Silica Fumes and GGBS. Very limited research has been done on the use of naturally occurring clay, which is rich in silicain, which provide pozzolanic properties in bentonite. The present study is conducted to evaluate the properties of concrete by partially replacing sand by 5%, 10% and 15% crumb rubber, and bentonite is used to replace cement by 10%, 20% and 30%. Several tests, slump test, compressive tests, were performed at 28 days to evaluate the properties of concrete. The test results showed that the strength decreases with the increase in crumb rubber percentage. This effect was minimized by the use of bentonite which filled the voids generated by rubber particles up to 10% use of bentonite replacement level, and beyond that the strength decreases due to poor bond formation between particles due to increased replacement of cement.

You might also be interested in these eBooks
The 15th International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC) View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Construction Technologies and Architecture (Volume 23)

Pages:

33-39

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5N7Bqh

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

May 2026

Authors:

Raja Shujahat Zahoor Khan*, Ayub Elahi, Raja Wajahat Zahoor Khan

Keywords:

Bentonite, Crumb Rubber, Rubberized Concrete

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] J. Ahmad, K. J. Kontoleon, M. Z. Al-Mulali, S. Shaik, M. H. El Ouni, and M. A. El-Shorbagy, "Partial Substitution of Binding Material by Bentonite Clay (BC) in Concrete: A Review," Buildings, vol. 12, no. 5, 2022.

DOI: 10.3390/buildings12050634

Google Scholar

[2] A. M. Moasas et al., "A worldwide development in the accumulation of waste tires and its utilization in concrete as a sustainable construction material: A review," Case Stud. Constr. Mater., vol. 17, 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01677

Google Scholar

[3] B. S. Thomas and R. C. Gupta, "A comprehensive review on the applications of waste tire rubber in cement concrete," 2016.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.092

Google Scholar

[4] A. M. Mhaya et al., "Durability and Acoustic Performance of Rubberized Concrete Containing POFA as Cement Replacement," Sustain., vol. 14, no. 23, 2022.

DOI: 10.3390/su142315510

Google Scholar

[5] J. Wang and B. Du, "Experimental studies of thermal and acoustic properties of recycled aggregate crumb rubber concrete," J. Build. Eng., vol. 32, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101836

Google Scholar

[6] M. Gesoğlu and E. Güneyisi, "Strength development and chloride penetration in rubberized concretes with and without silica fume," Mater. Struct. Constr., vol. 40, no. 9, 2007.

DOI: 10.1617/s11527-007-9279-0

Google Scholar

[7] P. Pongsopha, P. Sukontasukkul, H. Zhang, and S. Limkatanyu, "Thermal and acoustic properties of sustainable structural lightweight aggregate rubberized concrete," Results Eng., vol. 13, 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100333

Google Scholar

[8] R. A. Assaggaf, M. R. Ali, S. U. Al-Dulaijan, and M. Maslehuddin, "Properties of concrete with untreated and treated crumb rubber – A review," 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.02.019

Google Scholar

[9] M. Momeen Ul Islam, J. Li, R. Roychand, and M. Saberian, "Investigation of durability properties for structural lightweight concrete with discarded vehicle tire rubbers: A study for the complete replacement of conventional coarse aggregates," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 369, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130634

Google Scholar

[10] R. and S. Z. K. Raja Wajahat Zahoor Khan, Muhammad Yaqub, "Effect of Acid and Chloride Attack on Durability Properties of Mortar Containing Fly Ash," ICSDC 2023, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371173437_Effect_of_Acid_and_Chloride_Attack_on_Durability_Properties_of_Mortar_Containing_Fly_Ash.

DOI: 10.7324/rjc.2017.1021682

Google Scholar

[11] N. M. Azad and S. M. S. M. K. Samarakoon, "Utilization of industrial by-products/waste to manufacture geopolymer cement/concrete," Sustain., vol. 13, no. 2, 2021.

DOI: 10.3390/su13020873

Google Scholar

[12] R. S. Z. K. Raja Wajahat Zahoor Khan, Dr.Muhammad Yaqub, Tariq Ali, "Effect of carbon nanotubes and fly ash on mechanical and microstructural properties of cement mortars," CSCE'21, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353958731_Effect_of_carbon_nanotubes_and_fly_ash_on_mechanical_and_microstructural_properties_of_cement_mortars.

DOI: 10.1080/01694243.2020.1860548

Google Scholar

[13] B. Masood, A. Elahi, S. Barbhuiya, and B. Ali, "Mechanical and durability performance of recycled aggregate concrete incorporating low calcium bentonite," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 237, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117760

Google Scholar

[14] R. M. Waqas, S. Zaman, M. K. Alkharisi, F. Butt, and E. Alsuhaibani, "Influence of Bentonite and Polypropylene Fibers on Geopolymer Concrete," Sustain., vol. 16, no. 2, 2024.

DOI: 10.3390/su16020789

Google Scholar

[15] E. Gedik and A. Atmaca, "An experimental study investigating the effects of bentonite clay on mechanical and thermal properties of concrete," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 383, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131279

Google Scholar

[16] S. A. Memon, R. Arsalan, S. Khan, and T. Y. Lo, "Utilization of Pakistani bentonite as partial replacement of cement in concrete," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 30, 2012.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.021

Google Scholar

[17] British Standards Institution, "Testing hardened concrete. Part 3, Compressive strength of test specimens," 2019.

Google Scholar

[18] M. Kluczyk, A. Grządziela, M. Pająk, Ł. Muślewski, and A. Szelezinski, "The Fatigue Wear Process of Rubber-Metal Shock Absorbers," Polymers (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 6, 2022.

DOI: 10.3390/polym14061186

Google Scholar

[19] S. Ghonaim and R. Morsy, "STUDY OF BENTONITE USAGE IN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CONCRETE," J. Al-Azhar Univ. Eng. Sect., vol. 15, no. 57, 2020.

DOI: 10.21608/auej.2020.120366

Google Scholar

[20] S. Ahmad, S. A. Barbhuiya, A. Elahi, and J. Iqbal, "Effect of Pakistani bentonite on properties of mortar and concrete," Clay Miner., vol. 46, no. 1, 2011.

DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2011.046.1.85

Google Scholar

[21] Z. E. A. Laidani, B. Benabed, R. Abousnina, M. K. Gueddouda, and E. H. Kadri, "Experimental investigation on effects of calcined bentonite on fresh, strength and durability properties of sustainable self-compacting concrete," Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 230, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117062

Google Scholar