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A Numerical Simulation on Effect of Surface Roughness towards Heat Transfer Performance

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Abstract:

Surface roughness plays a major factor in energy conversion, which impacts both heat transfer and energy losses. The word “Roughness” is defined due to variations in height of the surface arising from geometry or waviness, which directly impacts the thermal–hydraulic performance of heat exchangers. In this research, the study aims to determine the impact of surface roughness on heat transfer characteristics in a double-pipe heat exchanger. The numerical simulation was conducted using ANSYS CFD Fluent for one smooth surface and four rough surfaces with sand grain roughness values ranging from 0.5 mm to 2 mm, applied to the inner pipe wall boundary. The result proved that increasing the roughness surface will have an effect in the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number, which was calculated mathematically for the data derived from the outlet temperature of the Numerical Simulation. In addition to these, higher roughness also has a major effect on pressure drop and heat loss within the system. This study demonstrates that controlled application of surface roughness can significantly improve the thermal performance of heat exchangers, providing both economic and ecological benefits for industrial applications.

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Periodical:

Defect and Diffusion Forum (Volume 453)

Pages:

113-121

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-n1DjKf

Citation:

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Online since:

July 2026

Authors:

Hein Htet Aung Ahmed*

Keywords:

Energy Conversion, Heat Enhancement, Heat Exchanger, Surface Roughness

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

References

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