Effect of Water on Shear Strength Parameter of Clay Shale

Abstract:

Clay shale is composed of clay, rock, and dust that has undergone a cementation process, has unique characteristics, namely being very hard when dry and very soft when wet. However, due to the exposed layers of clay shale, it also weathering due to continuous contact with air. This causes the failure of structures standing on clay shale. One of the parameters that affect the strength of clay shale is the shear strength parameter which can be carried out through direct shear and uncofined compression strength tests. In this study the addition of water content was applied to determine changes in the shear strength parameters of clay shale. Based on the results of the direct shear and unconfined compression strength test, it was found that with the addition of water content, the shear strength parameter of clay shale decreased. The addition of 100% water content causes the friction angel to be 18.93^o and the cohesion to be 11.95 kPa on the direct shear test. While the results of the unconfined compression strength test showed a decrease of 81.18% at the addition of 75% water content. The decrease in the shear strength parameter is due to the loss of bonds between particles.

• Periodical: Engineering Headway (Volume 23)
• Pages: 185-191
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-T5POBb
• Online since: July 2025
• Authors: Dyah Pratiwi Kusumastuti*, Budi Wicaksono, Arief Suardi Nur Chairat, Misbahudin Misbahudin, Pramudya Rinengga Datu Perdana, Dian Yessy Fatimah, Fajar Febiani Amanda
• Keywords: Clay Shale, Effect of Water, Shear Strength Parameter

References

[1] F. Amann et al., "Analysis of acoustic emissions recorded during a mine-by experiment in an underground research laboratory in clay shales," Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., vol. 106, no. February, p.51–59, (2018).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.04.021

[2] I. Zarkasi, H. Irpanni, and H. Arifien, "Penanganan Jembatan Cisomang ruas tol Cikampek-Padalarang: pembelajaran penanganan jembatan akibat pergerakan tanah clay shale," J. HPJI (Himpunan …, vol. 4, no. 1, p.25–36, (2018).

[3] E. Hartono, S. P. R. Wardani, and A. S. Muntohar, "The behavior of the clay shale stabilized by dry and wet cement mixing method," J. Geoengin., vol. 16, no. 3, p.81–90, (2021).

[4] D. P. Kusumastuti and I. Sepriyanna, "Soft soil stabilization with rice husk ash and glass powder based on physical characteristics," IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 650, no. 1, p.1–6, (2019).

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/650/1/012025

[5] H. Adisurya and C. A. Makarim, "Perilaku kegagalan konstruksi jalan raya yang bertumpu pada fondasi tiang di tanah clay shale," JMTS J. Mitra Tek. Sipil, vol. 5, no. 1, p.55–70, (2022).

DOI: 10.24912/jmts.v5i1.16516

[6] M. Gutierrez, R. Nygård, K. Høeg, and T. Berre, "Normalized undrained shear strength of clay shales," Eng. Geol., vol. 99, no. 1–2, p.31–39, (2008).

DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.02.002

[7] A. M. A. Putera, S. Pramusandi, and B. Damianto, "Identification and classification of clayshale characteristic and some considerations for slope stability," African J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 11, no. 4, p.163–197, (2017).

DOI: 10.5897/ajest2014.1792

[8] I. M. Alatas and P. T. Simatupang, "Pengaruh proses pelapukan clay shale terhadap perubahan parameter rasio disintegritas (DR)," J. Tek. Sipil ITB, vol. 24, no. 1, p.77–82, (2017).

[9] A. Yusuf, I. Dio, and kresno wikan S, "Perilaku clay shale terhadap kuat geser residual," J. Karya Tek. Sipil, Vol. 6, No. 3, (2017), p.81–92.

[10] M. Irsyam, A. Sahadewa, A. Boesono, and Soebagyo, "Pengaruh strength reduction tanah cay-shale akibat pelaksanaan pemboran terhadap nilai daya dukung pondasi tiang di Jembatan Suramadu berdasarkan analisis hasil tes OC," J. Tek. Sipil ITB, Vol. 14, No. 2, (2007),p.1–11.

DOI: 10.5614/jts.2007.14.2.1

[11] F. Z. Waskito, G. Pamungkas, S. Hardiyati, and K. W. Sadono, "Analisa stabilitas lereng clayshale pada pekerjaan pembangunan jalan tol Bawen-Salatiga paket 3 . 1," J. Karya Tek. Sipil, Vol. 5, No. 2, (2016), p.211–219.

[12] S. Widyastuti, Abdurrokhim, and Y. A. Sendjaja, "Asal sedimen batupasir Formasi Jatiluhur dan Formasi Cantayan Daerah Tanjungsari dan sekitarnya, Kecamatan Cariu, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat," Bull. Sci. Contrib., Vol. 14, No. 1, (2016), p.25–32.

DOI: 10.31315/jigp.v9i2.9504

[13] L. Jurnaliah, "Paleoekologi satuan batulempung formasi Jatiluhur daerah Cileungsi , kecamatan Cileungsi, kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat," Bull. Sci. Contrib., Vol. 4, No. 1, (2006), p.78–87.

DOI: 10.14203/risetgeotam2018.v28.660

[14] R. Oktaviani, P. P Raharjo, and I. A Sadisun, "Kajian ketahanan batuan clay shale formasi Jatiluhur di Sentul City Jawa Barat," Promine, Vol. 6, No. 1, (2018), p.26–32.

DOI: 10.33019/promine.v6i1.715

[15] A. Idrus M, S. Pintor T, K. Wawan, and Panji, "Re-weathering of stabilized clay shale with portland cement behavior," in MATEC Web of Conferences, Vol. 276, (2019), p.1–9.

DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201927605009

[16] W. Diana, E. Hartono, and A. S. Muntohar, "The permeability of portland cement-stabilized clay shale," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 650, No. 1, (2019), p.1–8.

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/650/1/012027

[17] BSN, "SNI 3420:2016 Metode uji kuat geser langsung tanah tidak terkonsolidasi dan tidak terdrainase," (2016).

[18] SNI 3638, "SNI 3638:2012 Standar Nasional Indonesia Metode uji kuat tekan-bebas tanah kohesif Badan Standardisasi Nasional " Copy SNI ini dibuat oleh BSN untuk," (2012).

DOI: 10.31000/mbjtm.v2i2.1883

[19] D. P. Kusumastuti, I. Sepriyanna, and A. S. Nur Chairat, "Pengaruh penambahan serbuk arang cangkang sawit terhadap kuat geser langsung pada tanah lempung," Konstruksia, Vol. 14, No. 1, (2022), p.33–39.

DOI: 10.24853/jk.14.1.33-39

[20] M. A. Dafalla, "Effects of clay and moisture content on direct shear tests for clay-sand mixtures," Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., Vol. 2013, (2013).

DOI: 10.1155/2013/562726

[21] I. Abdullahi, U. U. Umoh, and A. C. Aapta, "Effect of varying moisture content on shear strength properties of soil," Saudi J. Civ. Eng., Vol. 6, No. 11, (2022), p.256–263.

DOI: 10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i11.001

[22] D. Adrian, I. B. Mochtar, and N. E. Mochtar, "Analisa sudut-geser-dalam tanah berbutir halus (cohesive soil) berdasarkan pendekatan cracked soil," J. Tek. ITS, Vol. 8, No. 2, (2019), p.74–78.

DOI: 10.12962/j23373539.v8i2.45898

[23] M. Muntaha, L. Caraka, and A. A. I. Saputra, "Karakteristik fisik dan mekanik tanah residual Balikpapan Utara akibat pengaruh variasi kadar air," in The 2nd Conference on Innovation and Industrial Applications, Vol. 2, No. 1, (2016), p.101–108.

DOI: 10.12962/j23546026.y2018i1.3353

[24] S. Saptono, R. Hariyanto, H. T. S., and M. D. Wahyudi, "Penentuan pengaruh air terhadap kohesi dan sudut gesek dalam pada batugamping," Progr. Stud. Tek. Pertamb. UPN Veteran Yogyakarta, Vol. 1, No. 1, (2014), p.1–9.

[25] R. Fithria and D. P. Kusumastuti, "The effect of wood charcoal powder and pumice powder on the parameters of shear strength of clay soil," Indones. Geotech. J., Vol. 1, No. 2, (2022), p.50–58.

DOI: 10.56144/igj.v1i2.14

[26] T. Al-Bazali, "The impact of water content and ionic diffusion on the uniaxial compressive strength of shale," Egypt. J. Pet., Vol. 22, No. 2, (2013), p.249–260.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpe.2013.06.004