Fabrication and Characterization of Cellulose Acetat / N-Methyl Pyrollidon Membrane for Microplastics Separation in Water

Abstract:

Indonesia is the fifth ranked country with plastic waste that is not managed properly. Over time, plastic breaks down into microplastics (MPs) less than 5 mm in diameter, which in water can cause damage. One method of removing MPs that is considered efficient is MPs microfiltration using membrane technology. To obtain an adequate membrane in removing MPs particles, it is necessary to modify the membrane both in the material and the membrane manufacturing process itself. So this study aims to study the effect of immersion time in the manufacturing process on the characteristics and performance of microfiltration membranes to remove MPs in water. In this study, the membrane will be made using the phase inversion method with a flat sheet membrane finish. The membrane is made using Cellulose Acetate (CA) polymer with n-Methyl Pyrolidone (NMP) solvent and aquadest as its non-solvent. The selected variable is the membrane immersion time for 10; 17,5; and 25 minutes and operating pressure at membrane performance test 0,3; 0,5; and 0,7 bar. Furthermore, the resulting membrane will be analyzed for its characteristics through porosity and water content analysis, contact angle analysis, and SEM analysis. In addition, membrane performance tests are carried out to determine the ability of membranes when separating microplastics in water. CA/NMP flat sheet membrane fabrication produces white membrane flatsheet. The results of the experiments that have been carried out, obtained CA/NMP (15:85) membrane with a variable immersion time of 25 minutes has the best characteristics and performance. The membrane is white, has a thickness of 126μm, and is hydrophilic. The membrane also has a supporting layer with a finger-shaped pore structure and sponge. In addition, CA/NMP (15:85) membranes have a %microplastic rejection value in water reaching 99%.

• Periodical: Engineering Headway (Volume 9)
• Pages: 61-69
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-Xiyvv5
• Online since: July 2024
• Authors: Yeni Rahmawati*, Siti Nurkhamidah, Annisa Alifia Rahmah, M. Ayub Rifai
• Keywords: Cellulose Acetate, Flatsheet Membrane, Microplastics

References

[1] M. Maskun, H. Assidiq, S. N. Bachril, and N. H. Al Mukarramah, "Tinjauan Normatif Penerapan Prinsip Tanggung Jawab Produsen Dalam Pengaturan Tata Kelola Sampah Plastik Di Indonesia," Bina Huk. Lingkung., vol. 6, no. 2, p.184–200, 2022.

DOI: 10.24970/bhl.v6i2.239

[2] M. Malankowska, C. Echaide-Gorriz, and J. Coronas, "Microplastics in marine environment: A review on sources, classification, and potential remediation by membrane technology," Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol., vol. 7, no. 2, p.243–258, 2021.

DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00802h

[3] J. Yang et al., "Microplastics in different water samples (seawater, freshwater, and wastewater): Removal efficiency of membrane treatment processes," Water Res., vol. 232, no. January, p.119673, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119673

[4] A. Adewuyi, A. J. Campbell, and O. G. Adeyemi, "The Potential Role of Membrane Technology in the Removal of Microplastics from Wastewater," J. Appl. Membr. Sci. Technol., vol. 25, no. 2, p.31–53, 2021.

DOI: 10.11113/amst.v25n2.216

[5] V. acetate in fabrication of polymeric membranes: A. review Vatanpour et al., "Cellulose acetate in fabrication of polymeric membranes: A review," Chemosphere, vol. 295, no. November 2021, 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133914

[6] A. Gul, J. Hruza, and F. Yalcinkaya, "Fouling and chemical cleaning of microfiltration membranes: A mini-review," Polymers (Basel)., vol. 13, no. 6, 2021.

DOI: 10.3390/polym13060846

[7] D. Hou, Z. Wang, K. Wang, J. Wang, and S. Lin, "Composite membrane with electrospun multiscale-textured surface for robust oil-fouling resistance in membrane distillation," J. Memb. Sci., vol. 546, no. September 2017, p.179–187, 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.017

[8] D. Apriana Putri Husni, E. Abd Rahim, J. Soekarno Hatta Km, and K. Bumi Tadulako Tondo Palu, "PEMBUATAN MEMBRAN SELULOSA ASETAT DARI SELULOSA PELEPAH POHON PISANG [The Production of Cellulose Acetate Membrane from Stem of Banana Cellulose]," Kovalen, vol. 4, no. 1, p.41–52, 2018.

DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2018.v4.i1.10182

[9] T. K. Dey, M. Jamal, and M. E. Uddin, "Fabrication and performance analysis of graphene oxide-based composite membrane to separate microplastics from synthetic wastewater," J. Water Process Eng., vol. 52, no. October 2022, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103554

[10] M. M. & J. Mulder, Basic Principles of Membran Technology second edition. Enschede, The Netherlands: Dotchreckt:Cuwer Academic Publisher, 1996.

[11] Yusra, Khusrizal, and K. H. Hastriana, "VARIASI UMUR PAMELO RAKYAT TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SIFAT FISIK TANAH DI KABUPATEN BIREUEN PROPINSI ACEH," Agrium, vol. 20, no. 2, 2023.

DOI: 10.29103/agrium.v18i2.5331

[12] B. T. I. Ali, T. Q. Romadiansyah, W. C. Lestari, Y. Kusumawati, D. Ermavitalini, and N. Widiastuti, "Modification of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane for high concentration of nannochloropsis as a raw material for bioethanol: Computations and experiments," South African J. Chem. Eng., vol. 46, no. July, p.42–55, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2023.07.004

[13] A. R. P. Pizzichetti, C. Pablos, C. Álvarez-Fernández, K. Reynolds, S. Stanley, and J. Marugán, "Evaluation of membranes performance for microplastic removal in a simple and low-cost filtration system," Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng., vol. 3, no. December 2020, p.0–4, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100075

[14] G. Gnanasekaran, A. G, and Y. S. Mok, "A high-flux metal-organic framework membrane (PSF/MIL-100 (Fe)) for the removal of microplastics adsorbing dye contaminants from textile wastewater," Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 277, no. June, p.119655, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119655

[15] E. Anuar, S. M. Saufi, and H. W. Yussof, "Effects of air gap on membrane substrate properties and membrane performance for biomass processing," Korean J. Chem. Eng., vol. 36, no. 7, p.1124–1130, 2019.

DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0289-8