Paper Titles

Modeling and Optimization of Tensile Strength of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Mg-Al-Zn Magnesium Alloys
p.3

Dry Turning of Mild Steel Using HSS Tool: Parametric Effect Evaluation of Material Removal Rate
p.11

Parametric Effect and Optimization of Milling Operation of Mild Steel
p.19

Surface Modification of Stainless Steel Using Radio-Frequency Generated Cold Plasma
p.25

Dimensional Stability and Roundness Error Optimization of Injection Molded Cu/Polyamide 6
p.39

Eco-Friendly High-Performance 3D Printer Filament from Polycarbonate Waste; How its Processability and Properties
p.47

Rheological Investigation of Cu Alloy Feedstock for Metal Injection Moulding Using Polyamide(PA) Based Binder
p.57

Gamma Radiation Dose Variation of Hydroxyapatite/Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Nano Composite as Orthopedic Implant Material
p.65

HomeKey Engineering MaterialsKey Engineering Materials Vol. 1025Surface Modification of Stainless Steel Using...

Surface Modification of Stainless Steel Using Radio-Frequency Generated Cold Plasma

Article Preview

Abstract:

Atmospheric pressure plasma modifies the surface properties of materials while preserving their bulk characteristics. Here, we show how an oxygen helium atmospheric pressure plasma can increase surface energy of 330 series stainless steel, a material used in biomedical and industrial applications. Plasma treatment was done with a commercial atmospheric pressure plasma reactor. Optical Emission Spectroscopy was performed to assess relative concentrations of plasma species present. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of this surface treatment approach, our results show that the increase in hydrophilicity is proportional to the concentration of reactive oxygen species present in the plasma suggesting that these species are important to the treatment process. Keywords: Surface modification; cold plasma; Reactive Oxygen Species

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Functional and Special Materials, Structural Metals, Polymers and Composites

Info:

Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1025)

Pages:

25-35

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-fEB07F

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

October 2025

Authors:

Sara Margala, Jase Nosal, Nina Abramzon*

Keywords:

Cold Plasma, Reactive Oxygen Species, Surface Modification

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2025 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

[1] Martina Paldrychová, Eva Vaňková, Vladimír Scholtz, Jaroslav Julák, Eliška Sembolová, Olga Mat'átková, and Jan Masák (2019). Effect of non-thermal plasma on AHL-dependent QS systems and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Difference between non-hospital and clinical isolates. AIP Advances, 9, 055117

DOI: 10.1063/1.5090451

[2] Rezaei, F., Abbasi-Firouzjah, M., & Shokri, B. (2014). Investigation of antibacterial and wettability behaviours of plasma-modified PMMA films for application in ophthalmology. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 47(8), 085401.

DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/47/8/085401

[3] Sakudo, A., & Misawa, T. (2020). Antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant bacteria display similar susceptibility to dielectric barrier discharge plasma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(17), 6326.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176326

[4] Maho, T., Binois, R., Brulé-Morabito, F., Demasure, M., Douat, C., Dozias, S., Escot Bocanegra, P., Goard, I., Hocqueloux, L., Le Helloco, C., and Orel, I. (2021). Anti-bacterial action of plasma multi-jets in the context of chronic wound healing. Applied Sciences, 11(20), 9598.

DOI: 10.3390/app11209598

[5] Vijayarangan, Vinodini, Antony Delalande, Sébastien Dozias, J-M. Pouvesle, Eric Robert, and Chantal Pichon. (2020). New insights on molecular internalization and drug delivery following plasma jet exposures. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 589, 119874.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119874

[6] Bekeschus, S., Favia, P., Robert, E., & von Woedtke, T. (2019). White paper on plasma for medicine and hygiene: Future in plasma health sciences. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 16(1), 1800033.

DOI: 10.1002/ppap.201800033

[7] Ehlbeck, J., Schnabel, U., Polak, M., Winter, J., Von Woedtke, T., Brandenburg, R., et al. (2010). Low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma sources for microbial decontamination. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 44(1), 013002.

DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/44/1/013002

[8] Gilmore, B. F., Flynn, P. B., O'Brien, S., Hickok, N., Freeman, T., & Bourke, P. (2018). Cold plasmas for biofilm control: opportunities and challenges. Trends in biotechnology, 36(6), 627-638.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.03.007

[9] Fatma & Oflaz, Hakan & Ercan, Utku. (2016). Biofilm Inactivation and Prevention On Common Implant Material Surfaces by Non-Thermal DBD Plasma Treatment. Plasma Medicine, 6.

DOI: 10.1615/PlasmaMed.2016015846

[10] Vleugels, M., Shama, G., Deng, X. T., Greenacre, E., Brocklehurst, T., & Kong, M. G. (2005). Atmospheric Plasma Inactivation of Biofilm-Forming. Loughborough University Institutional Repository, 824-828.

DOI: 10.1109/tps.2005.844524

[11] M. Tatoulian, M. Bouloussa, F. Moriere, F. Arefi-Khonsari, J.Amouroux, F. Rondelez. Langmuir, 20, 10481.

DOI: 10.1021/la030378l

[12] Steen, M. L., Flory, W. C., Capps, N. E., & Fisher, E. R. (2001). Plasma modification of porous structures for formation of composite materials. Chemistry of materials, 13(9), 2749-2752.

DOI: 10.1021/cm010452q

[13] Giannakaris, Nikolaos, et al. "Surface cleaning with atmospheric pressure plasma jet investigated by in-situ optical emission spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy." Applied Surface Science, 684 (2025): 161751.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161751

[14] Shang, H., Ning, W., Shen, S., Wang, R., Dai, D., & Jia, S. (2024). Atmospheric pressure plasma jet for surface treatment: a review. Reviews of Modern Plasma Physics, 9(1), 3.

DOI: 10.1007/s41614-024-00177-0

[15] Setiawan, U. H., I. F. Nurcahyo, and T. E. Saraswati. "Atmospheric pressure plasma jet for surface material modification: a mini-review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2190.1 (2022)

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012010

[16] Ch.C. Dupont-Gillain, Y. Adriaensen, S. Derclaye, P.G. Rouxhet. Langmuir, 16, 8194.

DOI: 10.1021/la000326l

[17] Zhang, Q., Zhuang, J., von Woedtke, T., Kolb, J. F., Zhang, J., Fang, J., & Weltmann, K. D. (2014). Synergistic antibacterial effects of treatments with low temperature plasma jet and pulsed electric fields. Applied Physics Letters, 105(10), 104103.

DOI: 10.1063/1.4895731

[18] Robert, E., Darny, T., Dozias, S., Iseni, S., & Pouvesle, J. M. (2015). New insights on the propagation of pulsed atmospheric plasma streams: From single jet to multi jet arrays. Physics of Plasmas, 22(12), 122007.

DOI: 10.1063/1.4934655

[19] Obradović, B. M., Ivković, S. S., & Kuraica, M. M. (2008). Spectroscopic measurement of electric field in dielectric barrier discharge in helium. Applied Physics Letters, 92(19), 191501.

DOI: 10.1063/1.2927477

[20] Chung, T. H., Stancampiano, A., Sklias, K., Gazeli, K., André, F. M., Dozias, S., et al. (2020). Cell electropermeabilisation enhancement by non-thermal-plasma-treated PBS. Cancers, 12(1), 219.

DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010219

[21] Cheruthazhekatt, S., Cernak, M., Slavicek, P., & Havel, J. (2010). Gas Plasmas and Plasma Modified Materials in Medicine. Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 55-66.

DOI: 10.2478/v10136-009-0013-9

[22] Drelich, J., Miller, J. D., & Good, R. J. (1996). The Effect of Drop (Bubble) Size on Advancing and Receding Contact. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 37-50.

DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1996.0186

[23] Ryan, B. J., & Poduska, K. M. (2008). Roughness effects on contact angle measurements. American Journal of Physics, 76, 1074-1077.

DOI: 10.1119/1.2952446

[24] Pappas, D. (2011). Status and potential of atmospheric plasma processing of materials. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, 29(2)

[25] Jeong, J. Y., Park, J., Henins, I., Babayan, S. E., Tu, V. J., Selwyn, G. S., & Hicks, R. F. (2000). Reaction chemistry in the afterglow of an oxygen−helium, atmospheric-pressure plasma. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 104(34), 8027-803.

DOI: 10.1021/jp0012449

[26] Babayan, S. E., "Deposition of silicon dioxide films with a non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasma jet," Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 10, 573-578 (2001).

DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/10/4/305

[27] N. Abramzon, J. C. Joaquin, J. Bray, and G. Brelles-Marino, "Biofilm Destruction by RF High-Pressure Cold Plasma Jet," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol. 34, no. 4, pp.1304-1309, Aug. 2006.

DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2006.877515

[28] Tseng, S., Abramzon, N., Jackson, J.O., et al. (2012). Gas discharge plasmas are effective in inactivating Bacillus and Clostridium spores. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 93, 2563–2570.

DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3661-0

[29] Moravej, M., & Hicks, R. F. (2005). Atmospheric plasma deposition of coatings using a capacitive discharge source. Chemical vapor deposition, 11(11‐12), 469-476.

DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200400022

[30] Babayan, S. E., "Deposition of silicon dioxide films with a non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasma jet," Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., 10, 573-578 (2001).

DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/10/4/305

[31] Cvelbar, U., Krstulović, N., Milošević, S., & Mozetič, M. (2007). Inductively coupled RF oxygen plasma characterization by optical emission spectroscopy. Vacuum, 82(2), 224-227.

DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2007.07.016

[32] Bruggeman, P. J., Kushner, M. J., Locke, B. R., Gardeniers, J. G., Graham, W., Graves, D. B., ..& Zvereva, G. (2016). Plasma–liquid interactions: a review and roadmap. Plasma sources science and technology, 25(5)

[33] Tendero, C., Tixier, C., Tristant, P., Desmaison, J., & Leprince, P. (2006). Atmospheric pressure plasmas: A review. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 61(1), 2-30

DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2005.10.003

[34] Herrmann, H. W., Henins, I., Park, J., & Selwyn, G. S. (1999). Decontamination of chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). Physics of Plasmas, 6(5), 2284-2289

DOI: 10.1063/1.873480

[35] Darny, T., Pouvesle, J. M., Puech, V., Douat, C., Dozias, S., & Robert, E. (2017). Analysis of conductive target influence in plasma jet experiments through helium metastable and electric field measurements. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 26(4), 045008.

DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aa5b15

[36] Urabe, K., Morita, T., Tachibana, K., & Ganguly, B. N. (2010). Investigation of discharge mechanisms in helium plasma jet at atmospheric pressure by laser spectroscopic measurements. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 43(9), 095201

DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/43/9/095201

[37] Omran, A. V., Busco, G., Ridou, L., Dozias, S., Grillon, C., Pouvesle, J. M., & Robert, E. (2020). Cold atmospheric single plasma jet for RONS delivery on large biological surfaces. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 29(10), 105002

DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/abaffd

[38] Hegemann, D., Hossain, M. M., Körner, E., & Balazs, D. J. (2007). Macroscopic description of plasma polymerization. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 4(3), 229-238.

DOI: 10.1002/ppap.200600169

[39] Kim, M.C., D.K. Song, H.S. Shin, S.-H. Baeg, G.S. Kim, J.-H. Boo, J.G. Han, and S.H. Yang. Surface Modification for Hydrophilic Property of Stainless Steel Treated by Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet. Surface and Coatings Technology, 171.1-3 (2003): 312-16.

DOI: 10.1016/s0257-8972(03)00292-5

[40] Al-Hamarneh, Ibrahim, Pedrow, Patrick, Eskhan, Asma, Abu-Lail, Nehal. (2012). Hydrophilic property of 316L stainless steel after treatment by atmospheric pressure corona streamer plasma using surface-sensitive analyses. Applied Surface Science, 259, 424–432.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.07.061