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Enhanced Weldability and Microstructural Characteristics of A536–A36 Dissimilar Joints Using Buttering and Preheating Techniques

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Abstract:

Welding process is widely used as a metal assembly technique in various industries, including construction, automotive manufacturing, pressurization, and shipbuilding. In ship repair and fabrication, dissimilar welding between carbon steel and cast iron is often required, for example, in assembling appendages such as propeller shafts, yokes, and other equipment. Although cast iron offers high strength about 700 MPa and weight reduction benefits, its poor weldability due to high carbon content often leads to cracking when joined to carbon steel. Previous studies have found that preheating before welding mitigates rapid cooling and martensite formation, while buttering with Ni-based filler reduces carbon diffusion and carbide precipitation at the fusion boundary. This research has been carried out to investigate various procedures for dissimilar welding ductile cast iron A536 and carbon steel A36, as follows: (1) no preheat or buttering (Control), (2) preheating only (PH), (3) buttering only (BT), and (4) combined preheat and buttering (PHBT) to evaluate their effects on tensile strength, hardness, and microstructural evolution. Successful study of dissimilar welding between carbon steel and cast iron will reduce the cost of ship maintenance, increase its service life, and provide a path for more sustainable development.

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Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1042)

Pages:

43-51

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xM3Pm7

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Online since:

February 2026

Authors:

Jednupong Palomas, Worasin Pattanavibool, Attaphon Kaewvilai, Chayanee Tippayasam*

Keywords:

Buttering Technique, Carbon Steel, Dissimilar Welding, Ductile Cast Iron, Preheating

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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