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Fabrication of Eggshell Membrane-Templated CuO-ZnO Nanocomposite for Microbial Desalination Cell

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Abstract:

Adoption of desalination technologies to produce fresh water in developing countries remains underutilized due to the substantial energy consumption, high operational costs, and membrane fouling associated with conventional methods. Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) have emerged as a promising alternative, offering simultaneous wastewater treatment, bioelectricity generation, and salt removal. This study aimed to evaluate the bio-templating of copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles on waste-derived eggshell membranes (CZ-ESM) and subsequently incorporated into ion exchange membranes (IEMs) for MDC applications. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) confirmed the presence of calcinated CZ-ESM in the IEMs. The modified and control IEMs were compared based on water uptake, mechanical strength, biofouling resistance, and salt removal. Incorporation of calcinated CZ-ESM nanocomposites enhanced membrane hydrophilicity, reflected in increased water uptake while also exhibiting reduced microbial colonization, thereby improving anti-fouling performance. However, the addition of calcinated CZ-ESM nanocomposites resulted in decreased tensile strength due to nanocomposite aggregation and heterogeneous resin distribution. Modification of the IEMs showed statistically the same salt removal as that of the unmodified counterpart. These findings demonstrate the use of CZ-ESM nanocomposites as fillers for MDC membranes, highlighting their ability to enhance hydrophilicity and antifouling properties, but improvements in the mechanical properties and salt removal must be further investigated to address practical limitations in the MDC application.

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Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1052)

Pages:

95-101

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-Iz7g02

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Online since:

May 2026

Authors:

Edgar S. Magas*, Ronald Allan S. de los Reyes, Gustav Euael G. Trovela, Sheila Marie C. Repunte

Keywords:

Bio-Templating, Copper Oxide, Eggshell Membrane, Ion Exchange Membrane, Microbial Desalination Cell, Zinc Oxide

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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