Structural Integrity of CO₂ Transport Pipelines – A Review

Abstract:

A recent trend in the development of CO2 pipelines is the shift from the predominance of transport of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to the transportation of CO2 as part of the carbon capture and storage (CSS) process for global warming mitigation. Among the processes of capture, transport, and storage, less attention has been paid to transport as it is assumed to be for granted, existing technology. This paper presents a focused analysis of the problem of structural integrity of CO2 pipelines through reviewing the state-of-the-art literature and practice, and highlights the need for a unified code of practice for the modelling of integrity and, due to the potentially hazardous nature of CO2, safety, in these pipelines.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volumes 488-489)
• Pages: 779-782
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.488-489.779
• Online since: September 2011
• Authors: Amir Chahardehi
• Keywords: Brittle Failure, CO₂ Transport Pipelines, Crack Propagation, Ductile Failure, Stress Intensity Factor (SIF), Structural Integrity, Toughness

References

[1] P.W. Parfomak, P. Folger, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pipelines for Carbon Sequestration, Emerging Policy Issues, Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, 19 April 2007, Order Code RL33971.

[2] Det Norske Veritas, Recommended Practice DNV-RP-J202, Design and Operation of CO2 Pipelines, April (2010).

[3] S. Holloway, Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage, Philos Transact Royal Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci, 2007, 365: 1095–1107.

[4] H. Makino, T. Kubo, T. Shiwaku, et al., Prediction for Crack Propagation and Arrest of Shear Fracture in Ultra-high Pressure Natural Gas Pipelines, ISIJ Int, 2001; 41(4): 381–388.

DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.41.381

[5] J.E. Hood, Fracture of Steel Pipelines, Int J Pressure Vessels Piping, 1974; 2: 165-178.

DOI: 10.1016/0308-0161(74)90001-5

[6] W. A Maxey, Factors Affecting Ductile Fracture in Offshore Gas Pipelines, Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference, OTC4241, 14th Annual OTC, May 1982, Houston, USA.

DOI: 10.4043/4241-ms

[7] G.D. Fearnehough, G.M. Lees, J.M. Lowes, R.T. Weitner, The Role of Stable Ductile Crack Growth in the Failure of Structures, Practical Application of Mechanics to Pressure Vessel Technology, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, (1970).

[8] F.M. Burdekin, J.F. Knott, J.D.G. Sumpter, A.H. Sherry, TAGSI views on aspects of crack arrest philosophies for pressure vessels with thicknesses up to 100mm, Int J Pressure Vessels Piping, 1999; 76: 879–883.

DOI: 10.1016/s0308-0161(99)00066-6

[9] G.D. Fearnehough, Fracture Propagation Control in Gas Pipelines: A Survey of Relevant Studies, Int J Pressure Vessel Piping, 1974; 2: 257-282.

DOI: 10.1016/0308-0161(74)90007-6

[10] S. Cravero, C. Ruggieri, Structural integrity of axially cracked pipeline using conventional and constrain-modified failure assessment diagrams, Int J Pressure Vessels Piping, 2006; 83: 607–617.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2006.04.004

[11] F.M. Burdkin, The Practical Application of Fracture Tests to Prevent Service Failures, Welding Research Supplement, March 1968, pp.129-139.

[12] H. Mahgerefteh, O. Atti, Modeling Low-Temperature-Induced Failure of Pressurized Pipelines, AIChE J, 2006; 52(3): 1248– 1256.

DOI: 10.1002/aic.10719

[13] F. Eldevik F, B. Graver, L.E. Torbergsen, O.T. Saugerud, Development of a Guideline for Safe, Reliable and Cost Effective Transmission of CO2 in Pipelines, Energy Procedia, 2009; 1: 1579–1585.

DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.207

[14] F. Eldevik, Safe Pipeline Transmission of CO2, Pipeline Gas J, 2008; 235(11): 76–77.

[15] Information on http: /www. transcanada. com/customerexpress/update/march_2004/ article_4. html.

[16] Recommended Practice for Conducting Drop-Weight Tear Test on Line Pipe, API RP 5L3, American Petroleum Institute Standard.

[17] Metallic materials – Drop weight tear test, BS EN 10274: 1999, British Standard.

[18] Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Test of Ferritic Steels, ASTM E436-91, ASTM International Standard.

DOI: 10.1520/stp18402s

[19] Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials, ASTM E23-07a, ASTM International Standard.

[20] J.C. Radon, C.E. Turner, Fracture Toughness Measurement by Instrumented Impact Test, Eng Fract Mech, 1969; 1: 411–428.

DOI: 10.1016/0013-7944(69)90002-2

[21] Critical Examination of Correlations between Fracture Toughness and Charpy Impact Energy, Offshore Technology Report – OTO 96 710, Health and Safety Executive.

[22] C.S. Weisner, Predicting Structural Crack Arrest Behaviour using Small-scale Material Characterisation Test, Int J Pressure Vessels Piping, 1996; 69: 185-196.

DOI: 10.1016/0308-0161(95)00131-x

[23] I. Gray, A.H. Priest, The Arrest of Propagating Cracks, Practical Applications of Fracture Mechanics to Pressure Vessel Technology, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, (1971).

[24] T.S. Robertson, Propagation of Brittle Fracture in Steel, J Iron Steel Inst, 1953; 175: 361–374.

[25] J.B. Ju, J.S. Lee, J.I. Jang, Fracture toughness anisotropy in a API steel line-pipe, Mater Lett, 2007; 61: 5178–5180.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.04.007

[26] A. Chahardehi, F.P. Brennan, A. Steuwer, The Effect of Residual Stresses Arising from Laser Shock Peening on Fatigue Crack Growth, Eng Fract Mech, 2010; 77(11): 2033–(2039).

DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.03.033