Behavior of Sisal Fiber Mat Reinforced Alkaline Activated Metakaolin Matrix under Direct Flame

Abstract:

Biodegradable containing composites are increasingly present in several industries, mainly because they are renewable but also for their engineering properties. Despite environmentally friendliness has become an issue of paramount importance, the use of natural fibers has some limitations, especially when high temperature exposure is concerned. Geopolymers are known to withstand temperatures as high as 1000°C, preserving significant mechanical properties. This paper aims to explore the potential use of sisal fiber reinforced alkaline activated in high temperature environment. The composites were exposed to direct flame and visual changes and temperature profile were assessed up to 35 minutes. The results shows that material behavior works as an insulation barrier with a c.a. 80% temperature reduction between the direct flame exposed surface to the opposite side. Also, samples with thickness above 5mm maintained their integrity without developing smoke or spreading flame throughout the study time.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 600)
• Pages: 433-441
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.600.433
• Online since: March 2014
• Authors: Gabriel de Sá Teles e Lima, Sandro Marden Torres, Kelly Cristiane Gomes*, Silvio Romero de Barros, Antônio Farias Leal, Marçal Rosas Florentino Lima Filho
• Keywords: Composite, Device Firewall, Geopolymeric/Organic, Thermal Property

References

[1] FIA: Article 258A - Technical regulations for sports cars. Genebra, Suíça, In: 15. 6 - Firewall, (2003).

[2] SAE ITERNACIONAL: 2011 Formula SAEÒRules: Table of Contents, EUA, In: B4. 5 – Firewall, (2011).

[3] BS 7346: Part3. Components for smoke and heat control systems, specification for smoke Curtains, (1990).

DOI: 10.3403/00219023

[4] H.M. Akil, M.F. Omar, A.A.M. Mazuki, S. Safiee, Z.A.M. Ishak, A. Abu Bakar, Kenaf fiber reinforced composites: A review, Materials and Design. 32 (2011) 4107–4121.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.008

[5] J. Provis, J. van Deventer, Geopolymers: Structures, processing, properties and industrial applications, Woodhead Publishing, (2009).

[6] G.S.T. Lima, A.B.A.S. Lima, E.A.S. Correia, S.M. Torres, S. De Barros, M.E. Alexandre, K.C. Gomes, The effect of natural fibre reinforcing geopolymers on fracture toughness, in: 21st Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Engineering. (2011).

[7] I.M. De Rosa, C. Santulli, F. Sarasini, Mechanical and thermal characterization of epoxy composites reinforced with random and quasi-unidirectional untreated Phormium tenax leaf fibers, Materials and Design. 31 (2010) 2397–2405.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.11.059

[8] P. He, D. Jia, T. Lin, M. Wang, Y. Zhou, Effects of high-temperature heat treatment on the mechanical properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced geopolymer composites, Ceramics International. 36 (2010) 1447–1453.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.02.012

[9] F.J. Silva, C. Thaumaturgo, Fibre reinforcement and fracture response in geopolymeric mortars, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 26 (2003) 167-172.

DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00625.x

[10] C.V. Srinivasa, A. Arifulla, N. Goutham, T. Santhosh, H.J. Jaeethendra, R.B. Ravikumar, S.G. Anil, D.G. Santhosh Kumar, J. Ashish, Static bending and impact behaviour of areca fibers composites, Materials and Design. 32 (2011) 2469–2475.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.11.020

[11] S. Mishra, A.K. Mohanty, L.T. Drzal, M. Misra, G. Hinrichsen, A review on pineapple leaf fibers, sisal fibers and their biocomposites, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 289 (2004) 955–974.

DOI: 10.1002/mame.200400132

[12] R.M.N. Arib, S.M. Sapuan, M.M.H.M. Ahmad, M.T. Paridah, H.M.D. Khairul Zaman, Mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites, Materials and Design. 27 (2006) 391–396.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2004.11.009

[13] T.W. Cheng, J.P. Chiu, Fire-resistant geopolymer produced by granulated blast furnace slag, Minerals Engineering. 16 (2003) 205-210.

DOI: 10.1016/s0892-6875(03)00008-6

[14] Y. Zhan, Z. Xia, W. Xin, L. Hai-Lun, Application and integrity evaluation of monolithic fire-resistant glass, In: The Conference on Performance-based Fire and Fire Protection Engineering. 11 (2011) 603-607.

DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.702

[15] J. J. K. Kim, Y. M. Lim, J. P. Won, H. G. Park, Fire resistant behavior of newly developed bottom-ash-based cementitious coating applied concrete tunnel lining under RABT fire loading, Construction and Building Materials. 24 (2010) 1984-(1994).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.001

[16] C. Leiva, A. C. Garcia, L.F. Vilches, J. Vale, A. Gimenez, J.C. Ballesteros, C. Fernandez-Pereira, Use of FGD Gypsum in fire resistant panels, Waste Management. 30 (2010) 1123-1129.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.01.028

[17] C. Leiva, L.F. Vilches, J. Vale, C. Fernandez-Pereira, Vilches, L.F., Fire resistance of biomass ash panels used for internal partitions in buildings, Fire Safety Journal. 44 (2009) 622-628.

DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.12.005

[18] H. Young-Sun, S. Jay G., H. Cheon-Goo, H. Min-Cheol, Construction application of Fibre/Mesh method for protecting concrete columns in fire, Construction and Building Materials. 25 (2011) 2928-2938.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.017

[19] B. N. Hoschke, Standards and Specifications for Firefighter´s Clothing, Fire Safety Journal. 4 (1981) 125-137.