Biological Effect of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes on Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum donghaiense in Seawaters

Abstract:

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in a variety of industrial areas as a kinds of new nanometer materials. Algal growth test was developed to determine the biological effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum donghaiense. The results showed that SWNTs stimulated the growth of S. costatum within 72 h and 24 h as theirs concentrations were smaller than 0.5 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively, While the growth of S. costatum was inhibited within 48 h and 96 h as theirs concentrations were higher than 10 mg/L and 0.5mg/L respectively (p＜0.05). The concentrations of chlorophyll were the same as the density of phytoplankton cells. The growth of P. donghaiense was inhibited as SWNTs concentrations were higher than 100 mg/L within 72 h, while SWNTs promoted the growth of P. donghaiense within 48 h after SWNTs were added as their concentrations were smaller than 5 mg/L（p＜0.05). The results of chlorophyll were similar to the density of P. donghaiense cells. The roles of SWNTs on the growth of algae were suggested to be associated with the active of some enzymes and the physical properties, such as agglomeration and shading.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volumes 645-646)
• Pages: 1326-1332
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.645-646.1326
• Online since: May 2015
• Authors: Fang Fang Li, Jiang Tao Wang*, Li Ju Tan
• Keywords: Biological Effect, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Skeletonema costatum

References

[1] Baughman, R.H.; Zakhidov, A. A.; de Heer, W.A. Carbon nanotubes-The route toward applications. Sci. 2002, 297 (5582) 787−792.

DOI: 10.1126/science.1060928

[2] Mauter, M. S.; Elimelech, M. Environmental applications of carbon-based nanomaterials. Environ. Sci. 2008, 42 (16) 5843−5859.

DOI: 10.1021/es8006904

[3] Klaine, S.J.; Alvarez, P.J.J.; Batley, G.E.; Fernandes, T.F.; Handy, R.D.; Lyon, D.Y.; Mahendra, S.; McLaughlin, M.J.; Lead, J.R. Nanomaterials in the environment: behavior, late, bioavailability and effects, Sci. 2008, 27(9) 1825-1851.

DOI: 10.1897/08-090.1

[4] Jaisi, D. P.; Elimelech, M. Single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit limited transport in soil columns. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43 (24) 9161-9166.

DOI: 10.1021/es901927y

[5] Saleh, N. B.; Pfefferle, L. D.; Elimelech, M. Influence of biomacromolecules and humic acid on the aggregation kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (7) 2412−2418.

DOI: 10.1021/es903059t

[6] Liu, X.; O'Carroll, D. M.; Petersen, E. J.; Huang, Q.; Anderson, C. L. Mobility of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in porous media. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43 (21) 8153−8158.

DOI: 10.1021/es901340d

[7] Chiu-Wing Lam, John T. James, Richard McCluskey, Robert L. Hunter, Pulmonary Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Mice 7 and 90Days after intratracheal instillation, Toxicological Sciences. 2004, 77(1) 126-134.

DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg243

[8] Xiaoshan Zhu, Lin Zhu. Three kinds of the toxic effects of carbon nanomaterials on aquatic organisms. China Environmental Science. 2008, 28(3) 269−273.

[9] Hyung H. Fortner J.D.; Hughes J.B. Natural organic matter stabilizes carbon nanotubes in the aqueous phase, Science. 2007, 41(1) 179-184.

DOI: 10.1021/es061817g

[10] Roberts, A.P.; Mount, A.S.; Seda, B, et al. In vivo biomodification of lipid-coated carbon nanotubes by Daphnia magna, Sci. 2007, 41(8) 3025-3029.

DOI: 10.1021/es062572a

[11] Fabienne Schwab. Thomas D. Bucheli, Lungile P. Lukhele et al. Are Carbon Nanotube Effects on Green Algae Caused by Shading and Agglomeration, Sci. 2011, 45(14) 6136-6144.

DOI: 10.1021/es200506b

[12] Pumera, M. Carbon nanotubes contain residual metal catalyst nanoparticles even after washing with nitric acid at elevated temperature because these metal nanoparticles are sheathed by several graphene sheets. Langmuir. 2007, 23 (11) 6453−6458.

DOI: 10.1021/la070088v

[13] Zhifeng Long, Jing Ji. Systematic and Quantitative Investigation of the Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes' Toxicity toward Algae. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46(15) 8458−8466.

DOI: 10.1021/es301802g

[14] Sivaram Arepalli. Chiu-wing Lam, John T. James, and Robert L. Hunter, A review of carbon nanotube toxicity and assessment of potential occupational and environmental health risks, Critical Reviews in Toxicology2006, 36, 189-217.

DOI: 10.1080/10408440600570233

[15] Devrah A. Arndt, Maika Moua. Core Structure and Surface Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials Alter Impacts to Daphnid Mortality, Reproduction, and Growth: Acute Assays Do Not Predict Chronic Exposure ImpactsEnviron. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 9444−9452.

DOI: 10.1021/es4030595

[16] Nel A, Xia T, Madler L, Li N. Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science. 2006, 311(5761) 622-627.

DOI: 10.1126/science.1114397

[17] Xiaowei Ma , Li-Hua Zhang . Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Alter Cytochrome c Electron Transfer and Modulate Mitochondrial Function, Sci. 2012, 6(12) 10486–10496.

DOI: 10.1021/nn302457v