Effect of Zn:Sn Ratio and Calcination Temperature on Phase Transformation of Zn-Sn-O Compound

Abstract:

Zn-Sn-O powders were synthesized by simple co-precipitation method combined with calcination process using zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) and tin (IV) chloride pentrahydrate (SnCl₄–5H₂O) as starting precursors of Zn and Sn in aqueous solution. The effect of precursors ratio on phase structure of Zn-Sn-O compound was investigated by varying ratio of Zn:Sn in the co-precipitation system. For the effect of calcination temperature, the as-precipitated product obtained at Zn:Sn ratio of 1:1 was calcined at different temperatures (400-900 °C) to study phase transformation. Structural properties of as-precipitated and after-calcined powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) while surface morphologies of final products were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study their thermal properties. The results indicate that the XRD pattern of Zn-Sn-O powders obtained at ratio of Zn greater than Sn can be assigned to mixed phase of ZnO and Zn₂SnO₄. On the other hand the XRD patterns of products obtained at ratio of Sn greater than Zn confirm a mixture of SnO₂ and Zn₂SnO₄. For the effect of calcination temperature, the rarely spinel phase of Zn₂SnO₄ begin occur with mixed phase of ZnO and SnO₂ at the calcination temperature of 600 °C and pure spinel structure can be obtained at the temperature above 900 °C.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volumes 675-676)
• Pages: 539-543
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.675-676.539
• Online since: January 2016
• Authors: Puritut Nakhanivej, Thanit Tangcharoen, Wanichaya Mekprasart, Wisanu Pecharapa*
• Keywords: Phase Transformation, Precursor Ratio, Zn-Sn-O Compound

References

[1] X. Fu, X. Wang, J. Long, Z. Ding, T. Yan, G. Zhang, Z. Zhang, H. Lin, and X. Xianzhi Fu, Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of Zn2SnO4, J. Solid State Chem. 182 (2009) 517-514.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.11.029

[2] V. Sepelak, S.M. Becker, I. Bergmann, S. Indris, M. Scheuermann, A. Feldhoff, C. Kubel, M. Bruns, N. Sturzl, A.S. Ulrich, M. Ghafari, H. Hahn, C.P. Grey, K.D. Becker, and P. Heitjans, Nonequilibrium structure of Zn2SnO4 spinel nanoparticles, J. Mater. Chem. 22 (2012).

DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15427g

[3] K.E. Sickafus and J.M. Wills, Structure of Spinel, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82 (1999) 3279-3292.

[4] Y.Q. Jiang, X.X. Chen, R. Sun, Z. Xiong, L.S. Zheng, Hydrothermal syntheses and gas sensing properties of cubic and quasi-cubic Zn2SnO4, Mater. Chem. Phys. 129 (2011) 53–61.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.03.055

[5] B. Li, L. Luo, T. Xiao, X. Hu, L. Lu, J. Wang, Y. Tang, Zn2SnO4–SnO2 heterojunction nanocomposites for dye-sensitized solar cells, J. Alloys Compd. 509 (2011) 2186–2191.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.10.184

[6] E.L. Foletto, J.M. Simões, M.A. Mazutti, S.L. Jahn, E.I. Muller, L.S.F. Pereira, and E.M.M. Flores, Application of Zn2SnO4 photocatalyst prepared by microwave-assisted hydrothermal route in the degradation of organic pollutant under sunlight, Ceram. Int. 39 (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.11.053

[7] A. Annamalai, D. Carvalho, K.C. Wilson, M.J. Lee, Properties of hydrothermally synthesized Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles using Na2CO3 as a novel mineralizer, Mater. Charact. 61 (2010) 873–881.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2010.05.011

[8] A.R. Babar, S.B. Kumbhar, S.S. Shinde, A.V. Moholkar, J.H. Kim, and K.Y. Rajpure, Structural, compositional and electrical properties of co-precipitated zinc stannate, J. Alloys Compd. 509 (2011) 7508–7514.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.04.105

[9] I. Stambolova, A. Toneva, V. Blaskov, D. Radev, Ya. Tsvetanova, S. Vassilev, and P. Peshev, Preparation of nanosized spinel stannate, Zn2SnO4, from a hydroxide precursor, J. Alloys Compd. 391 (2005) L1–L4.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.08.053