Modeling Strength and Stress Diffusion in Hip Prostheses with Nano-Reinforced Composites

Abstract:

nanoscale rigid particles or plates are investigated for their reinforcing properties used as a binding material for holding together many long fiber composites. Very strong and light laminates can be made by layering thin sheets of rigid fibers (e.g. carbon fibers, glass fibers) with epoxy resin, for example, as a filler for spaces between fibers. Saint-Venant’s principle is concerned with assessing the effect of anisotropy on the decay of stresses with distance from the boundary of an elastic solid subjected to self-equilibrated end loads. The distance required for this transition is longer for rigid composites than for isotropic materials. The extra distance will allow bio-stress to be diffused to the boundary where end effects occur. This study is based on a biomimetic idea come from the mechanical behavior of biological materials as governed by underlying nanostructure, with the potential for synthesis into engineered materials. Mixing extremely small, rigid, randomly oriented nanoplates or nanotubes into the binding phase between the fibers is found to make the composite more isotropic near the ends and therefore mitigate damage.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 749)
• Pages: 234-240
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.749.234
• Online since: August 2017
• Authors: Chen Yuan Chung*
• Keywords: Biomimetic, Nano-Reinforced Composites, Stress Diffusion

References

[1] G.C. Everstine, and A.C. Pipkin, Stress channeling in transversely isotropic elastic composites, Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik. 22 (1971) 825-834.

DOI: 10.1007/bf01591811

[2] R.B. Pipes, Boundary layer effects in composite laminates, Fibre Science and Technology. 13 (1980) 49-71.

DOI: 10.1016/0015-0568(80)90028-7

[3] R.M. Jones, Mechanics of Composite Materials, second ed., CRC Press, (1998).

[4] C.O. Horgan, Saint-Venant end effects in composites, Journal of Composite Materials. 16 (1982) 411-422.

DOI: 10.1177/002199838201600506

[5] L. Carlsson, P. Sindelar, S. Nilsson, Decay of end effects in graphite/epoxy bolted joints, Composites Science and Technology. 26 (1986) 307-321.

DOI: 10.1016/0266-3538(86)90004-7

[6] D.L. Bartel, D.T. Davy, T.M. Keaveny, Orthopaedic Biomechanics: Mechanics and Design in Musculoskeletal Systems, first ed., Prentice Hall, (2006).

[7] S. Dimitrievska et al , Novel carbon fiber composite for hip replacement with improved in vitro and in vivo osseointegration, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 91A (2009) 37-51.

DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32175

[8] S.A. Hacking et al, Tissue response to the components of a hydroxyapatite-coated composite femoral implant, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 94A (2010) 953-960.

[9] C. -L. Tsai, I.M. Daniel, Determination of shear modulus of single fibers, Experimental Mechanics. 39 (1999) 284-286.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02329806

[10] Q. -S. Yanga, Q. -H. Qin, Modelling the effective elasto-plastic properties of unidirectional composites reinforced by fibre bundles under transverse tension and shear loading, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 334 (2003) 140-145.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00399-4

[11] Y. Benveniste, A new approach to the application of Mori-Tanaka's theory in composite materials, Mechanics of Materials. 6 (1987) 147-157.

DOI: 10.1016/0167-6636(87)90005-6

[12] T. Mori, K. Tanaka, Average Stress in matrix and average elastic energy of materials with misfitting inclusions, Acta Metallurgica. 21 (1973) 571-574.

DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(73)90064-3

[13] G.P. Tandon, G.J. Weng, The effect of aspect ratio of inclusions on the elastic properties of unidirectionally aligned composites, Polymer Composites. 5 (1984) 327-333.

DOI: 10.1002/pc.750050413

[14] J.D. Eshelby, The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A. 241 (1957) 376-396.

DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1957.0133

[15] T. Lan, T.J. Pinnavaia, Clay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites, Chemistry of Materials. 6 (1994) 2216-2219.

DOI: 10.1021/cm00048a006

[16] W. Liu, S.V. Hoa, M. Pugh, Organoclay-modified high performance epoxy nanocomposites, Composites Science and Technology. 65 (2005) 307-316.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.07.012

[17] S.C. Tjong, Structural and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites, Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports. 53 (2006) 73-197.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2006.06.001