An Empirical Methodology for Seismic Damage Control of CFT-MRFs

Abstract:

An empirical methodology to evaluate damage by the use of two damage indicators for 2D steel/concrete composite structures is proposed. This methodology has been established with aid of the results of an extensive parametric study regarding the non-linear behaviour of 48 steel/concrete composite frames subjected to 100 far-fault records. A large number of inelastic dynamic analyses are conducted by increasing the earthquake motions to lead the frames to several levels of non-linear response. The results of the analyses show that the characteristics of the structure and the ground motions affect damage of the structures. The results are post-processed by the use of statistical methods to generate expressions, which show the effect of the abovementioned parameters and give an evaluation of the damage indicators utilised here. In particular, given the characteristics of the frames and the record, someone can compute the maximum damage found in beams and columns. Finally, one example serves to show the use of the developed formulae and demonstrates their validity.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 763)
• Pages: 75-81
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.763.75
• Online since: February 2018
• Authors: Georgios S. Kamaris*, Konstantinos Skalomenos, George D. Hatzigeorgiou, Dimitri E. Beskos
• Keywords: CFT-MRFs, Composite Structures, Damage Index, Far-Fault Earthquakes

References

[1] EC8, Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium, (2004).

DOI: 10.3403/03244372u

[2] FEMA. FEMA-273, Building Seismic Safety Council, NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington (DC), (1997).

[3] G.S. Kamaris, G.D. Hatzigeorgiou, DE. Beskos, Direct damage controlled seismic design of plane steel degrading frames, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 13 (2015) 587-612.

DOI: 10.1007/s10518-014-9626-9

[4] E. Cosenza, G. Manfredi, R. Ramasco, The use of damage functionals in earthquake engineering: A comparison between different methods, Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics. 22 (1993) 855-868.

DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4290221003

[5] J.E. Stephens, J.T.P. Yao, Damage assessment using response measurements, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE. 113 (1987) 787-801.

[6] J.M. Bracci, A.M. Reinhorn, J.B. Mander, Deterministic model for seismic damage evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Technical Report NCEER 89-0033, State University of New York at Buffalo, (1989).

[7] H. Krawinkler, M. Zohrei, Cumulative damage in steel structures subjected to earthquake ground motions, Computer and Structures. 16 (1983) 531-541.

DOI: 10.1016/0045-7949(83)90193-1

[8] H. Sucuoğlu, A. Erberik, Energy-based hysteresis and damage models for deteriorating systems, Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics. 33 (2004) 69-88.

DOI: 10.1002/eqe.338

[9] G.S. Kamaris, G.D. Hatzigeorgiou, D.E. Beskos, A new damage index for plane steel frames exhibiting strength and stiffness degradation under seismic motion, Engineering Structures. 46 (2013)727-736.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.07.037

[10] Y. -J. Park, A.H. -S. Ang, Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE. 111 (1985).

[11] G.H. Powell, R. Allahabadi, Seismic damage prediction by deterministic methods: concepts and procedures, Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics. 16 (1988) 719-734.

DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4290160507

[12] Lemaitre J., A Course on Damage Mechanics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (1992).

[13] G.D. Hatzigeorgiou, D. E Beskos, Direct damage controlled design of concrete structures, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE. 133 (2007) 205-215.

DOI: 10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2007)133:2(205)

[14] G.S. Kamaris, G.D. Hatzigeorgiou, D.E. Beskos, Direct damage controlled design of plane steel-moment resisting frames using static inelastic analysis, Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures. 4 (2009) 1375-1393.

DOI: 10.2140/jomms.2009.4.1375

[15] J.F. Hajjar, Composite steel and concrete structural systems for seismic engineering, Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 58: 703-728.

DOI: 10.1016/s0143-974x(01)00093-1

[16] K.A. Skalomenos, G.D. Hatzigeorgiou, D.E. Beskos, Seismic behavior of composite steel/concrete MRFs: deformation assessment and behavior factors, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 13(12) (2015) 3871-3896.

DOI: 10.1007/s10518-015-9794-2

[17] K.A. Skalomenos, G.D. Hatzigeorgiou, D.E. Beskos, Modelling level selection for seismic analysis of concrete-filled steel tube/moment resisting frames by using fragility curves, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 44(2) (2015).

DOI: 10.1002/eqe.2465

[18] G.S. Kamaris, Y. -M. Vallianatou, D.E. Beskos, Seismic damage estimation of in-plane regular steel moment resisting and x-braced frames, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 10 (2012) 1745-1766.

DOI: 10.1007/s10518-012-9387-2

[19] A.J. Carr, Ruaumoko-2D. Inelastic Time-History Analysis of Two-Dimensional Framed Structures, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, (2006).

[20] EC4, Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Part 1. 1: General rules and rules for buildings, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium, (2004).

[21] T.L. Karavasilis, N. Bazeos, D.E. Beskos, Drift and Ductility Estimates in Regular Steel MRF Subjected to Ordinary Ground Motions: A Design-Oriented Approach, Earthquake Spectra. 24 (2008) 431-451.

DOI: 10.1193/1.2923919

[22] EC3, Design of steel structures - Part 1. 1: General rules and rules for buildings, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium, (2005).

[23] K.A. Skalomenos, Seismic performance of plane moment resisting frames with concrete filled steel tube columns and steel I beams, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Greece, http: /hdl. handle. net/10889/8442, (2014).

DOI: 10.12681/eadd/35563

[24] J.M. Castro, A.Y. Elghazouli, B.A. Izzuddin, Modeling of the panel zone in steel and composite moment frames, Engineering Structures. 27 (2005) 129–144.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.09.008

[25] K.A. Skalomenos, G.D. Hatzigeorgiou, D.E. Beskos, Parameter identification of three hysteretic models for the simulation of the response of CFT columns to cyclic loading, Engineering Structures. 61 (2014) 44-60.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.01.006

[26] X.L. Zhao, L.H. Han, H. Lu, Concrete-filled Tubular Members and Connections, Spon Press, New York, (2010).

[27] NGA Strong ground motion database, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, /http: /peer. berkeley. edu, (2011).

[28] D. Vamvatsikos, C.A. Cornell, Incremental dynamic analysis, Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics, 31 (2002) 491-514.

DOI: 10.1002/eqe.141

[29] MATLAB, The language of technical computing, Version 5. 0, The Mathworks Inc., Natick, Mass, (2009).

[30] D.L. Karabalis, G.J. Cokkinides, D.C. Rizos, Seismic Record Processing Program-Ver. 1. 03, Report of the College of Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, (1992).

DOI: 10.2172/10158936