The Galling Behavior of Advanced Coating Contacts with Aluminium Alloy during Sliding Wear

Abstract:

This paper investigates the galling behaviour of a range of hard coatings applied to tooling surfaces during the sheet forming of an aluminium alloy workpiece. A total of three types of tooling materials were investigated, two of which were subject to PVD deposited coatings of AlCrN, CrN and DLC applied to the working surface. The third tooling material had undergone induction heating, plasma-nitriding and polishing. To evaluate the galling behaviour of the applied coatings, a tribological evaluation was conducted using a pin-on-disc test set-up at a constant load and varying temperature. The coated discs, replicating the tooling material, were tested against aluminium alloy pins AA6082 and AA7075 representing the workpiece material. This investigation indicated that the friction and galling behaviour of aluminium is highly dependent on temperature, and the use of two different aluminium pins had no significant effect. At room temperature, it was found that carbon-based coatings provide the lowest friction and the best protection against galling, whilst nitride-based treatments exhibit better performance at high temperature. Moreover, at elevated temperatures, coated tools exhibit superior anti-galling properties compared to uncoated tools.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 767)
• Pages: 117-123
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.767.117
• Online since: April 2018
• Authors: Yi Ran Hu, Mohammad M. Gharbi, Vivian Liang, Yang Zheng, Denis J. Politis*, Li Liang Wang
• Keywords: Coefficient of Friction, Galling, High Strength Aluminium Alloys, Hot Stamping, Warm Stamping

References

[1] D'Amato, C., Buhagiar, J., & Betts, J. (2014). Tribological characteristics of an A356 aluminium alloy laser surface alloyed with nickel and Ni–Ti–C. Applied Surface Science, 313, 720-729.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.06.061

[2] Dong, Y., Li, X., & Dong, H. (2015). Techniques for design and manufacture of surface engineered tools for HFQ aluminium. LoCoLite project report.

[3] Dwivedi, D. (2010). Adhesive wear behaviour of cast aluminium–silicon alloys: overview. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 31(5), 2517-2531.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.11.038

[4] Heinrichs, J., & Jacobson, S. (2011). The influence from shape and size of tool surface defects on the occurrence of galling in cold forming of aluminium. Wear, 271(9), 2517-2524.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2011.01.077

[5] Heinrichs, J., Olsson, M., & Jacobson, S. (2012). Mechanisms of material transfer studied in situ in the SEM:: Explanations to the success of DLC coated tools in aluminium forming. Wear, 292, 49-60.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2012.05.033

[6] Olsson, D. D., Bay, N., & Andreasen, J. L. (2002). Analysis of pick-up development in punching. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 51(1), 185-190.

DOI: 10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61496-6

[7] Pujante, J., Vilaseca, M., Casellas, D., & Riera, M. D. (2015). The Role of Adhesive Forces and Mechanical Interaction on Material Transfer in Hot Forming of Aluminium. Tribology Letters, 59(1), 10.

DOI: 10.1007/s11249-015-0542-1

[8] Wang, L., He, Y., Zhou, J., & Duszczyk, J. (2010). Effect of temperature on the frictional behaviour of an aluminium alloy sliding against steel during ball-on-disc tests. Tribology International, 43(1), 299-306.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2009.06.009

[9] Hanson, M. (2008) On Adhesion and Galling in Metal forming.

[10] Figueiredo, L., Ramalho, A., Oliveira, M. C. & Menezes, L. F. (2011) Experimental study of friction in sheet metal forming. Wear. 271 (9–10), 1651-1657.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2011.02.020

[11] Podgornik, B. & Hogmark, S. (2006) Surface modification to improve friction and galling properties of forming tools. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 174 (1–3), 334-341.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.01.016

[12] Schedin, E. (1994) Galling Mechanisms. 48 123.

[13] Podgornik, B. & Jerina, J. (2012) Surface topography effect on galling resistance of coated and uncoated tool steel. Surface and Coatings Technology. 206 (11–12), 2792-2800.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.11.041