High Temperature Coatings for Oxidation and Erosion Protection of Heat-Resistant Carbonaceous Materials in High-Speed Flows

Abstract:

Modern approaches to the creation of single-layer and multi-layer high-temperature coatings for the protection of heat-resistant carbon-containing composite materials from oxidation and erosion in the high-speed fluxes of oxygen-containing gases are analyzed. Particularly have been outlined the heat-resistant coatings, the main components of which are either super refractory transition metal borides (ZrB₂, HfB₂, TiB₂) with the addition of carbides (SiC, ZrC, HfC, TiC, TaC), silicides (MoSi₂, TiSi₂, ZrSi₂, TaSi₂, WSi₂) and nitrides (HfN, ZrN, TiN), or refractory oxides (HfO₂, ZrO₂), or more complex synthetic compositions based on oxide ceramics. The results of fire gas-dynamic tests of coatings of perspective compositions are presented. The potential architecture of ultra-high-temperature coatings with high efficiency of protective action is justified.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 771)
• Pages: 103-117
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.771.103
• Online since: June 2018
• Authors: Anna Yurishcheva*, Alexey Astapov, Ivan Lifanov, Lev Rabinskiy
• Keywords: Ablation, Carbon Composite Material, Erosion Wear, Fire Tests, Heat-Resistant Coating, High-Speed Flow, Oxidation, UHTC

References

[1] D.G. Rohini, R.K. Rama, Carbon-carbon composites – an overview. Defence Sci. J. 43(4) (1993) 369-383.

[2] S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, A. Li et al., Carbon composites, in: X-S. Yi, S. Du, L. Zhang, (Eds.), Composite Materials Engineering, Vol. 2, Springer, Singapore, 2018, pp.531-617.

[3] J.E. Sheehan, K.W. Buesking, B.J. Sullivan, Carbon-carbon composites, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 24 (1994) 19-44.

DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ms.24.080194.000315

[4] N.S. Jacobson, D.M. Curry oxidation microstructure studies of reinforced carbon/carbon, Carbon. 44 (2006) 1142-1150.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.11.013

[5] V.I. Kostikov, A.N. Varenkov, Ultrahigh-temperature composite materials, Intermet Engineering, Moscow, (2003).

[6] M. Bacos, Carbon-carbon composites: Oxidation behavior and coatings protection, J. Phys. IV France. 03(C7) (1993) 1895-1903. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:19937303.

DOI: 10.1051/jp4:19937303

[7] X. Yang, C. Zhao-hui, C. Feng, High-temperature protective coatings for C/SiC composites, J. Asian Ceram. Soc. 2 (2014) 305-309.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jascer.2014.07.004

[8] V.S. Terentieva, A.I. Eremina, A.N. Astapov et al., Influence of the architecture and elemental-chemical composition on the structure and properties of carbonaceous composite materials, Composites: Mechanics, Computations, Applications. 2(3) (2011).

DOI: 10.1615/compmechcomputapplintj.v2.i3.60

[9] P.A. Thrower, J.C. Bognet, G.K. Mathew, The influence of oxidation on the structure and strength of graphite-I: Materials of different structure, Carbon. 20(6) (1982) 457-464.

DOI: 10.1016/0008-6223(82)90081-1

[10] J.L. Wood, J.X. Zhao, R.C. Bradt, Jr.P.L. Walker, The effect of oxidation on the flexural strength of graphite, Carbon. 19(1) (1981) 61-62.

DOI: 10.1016/0008-6223(81)90105-6

[11] K.L. Luthra, Oxidation of carbon/carbon composites – A theoretical analysis. Carbon. 26 (1988) 217-224.

DOI: 10.1016/0008-6223(88)90040-1

[12] P.A. Thrower, J.C. Bognet, Mathew G.K. The influence of oxidation on the structure and strength of graphite-I: materials of different structure, Carbon. 20(6) (1982) 465-471.

DOI: 10.1016/0008-6223(82)90081-1

[13] J. Rodriguez-Mirasol, P.A. Thrower, L.R. Radovic, On the oxidation resistance of carbon-carbon composites: Importance of fiber structure for composite reactivity, Carbon. 33(4) (1995) 545-554.

DOI: 10.1016/0008-6223(94)00180-8

[14] Q. Li, S. Dong, Z. Wang et al., Fabrication and properties of 3-D Cf/SiC–ZrC composites, using ZrC precursor and polycarbosilane, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95(4) (2012) 1216-1219.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05116.x

[15] X. Wu, L.R. Radovic, Inhibition of catalytic oxidation of carbon/carbon composites by boron-doping, Carbon. 43(8) (2005) 1768-1777.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.02.029

[16] S.E. Yoo, M.K. Seo, B.S. Kim, S.J. Park, Effect of MoO3 on mechanical interfacial behavior and anti-oxidation of carbon fibers-reinforced composites, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 30 (2015) 29-32.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.04.025

[17] Q. Feng, Z. Wang, H.J. Zhou et al., Microstructure analysis of Cf/SiC–ZrC composites in both fabrication and plasma wind tunnel testing processes, Ceram. Int. 40(1) (2014) 1199-1204.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.05.097

[18] Z.H. Yang, H. Zhang, Y.C. Ye, Preparation of Cf/HfC composite by reactive meltinfiltration using Hf-based alloy, Mater. Sci. Forum. 816 (2015) 126-132.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.816.126

[19] F. Uhlmann, C. Wilhelmi, S. Schmidt-Wimmer et al., Preparation and characterization of ZrB2 and TaC containing Cf/SiC composites via polymer-infiltration-pyrolysis process, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 37(5) (2017) 1955-(1960).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.12.048

[20] S. Labruquère, H. Blanchard, R. Pailler et al., Enhancement of the oxidation resistance of interfacial area in C/C composites. Part I: Oxidation resistance of B–C, Si–B–C and Si–C coated carbon fibres, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 22(7) (2002) 1001-1009.

DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2219(01)00410-1

[21] L.A. Tkachenko, A.Yu. Shaulov, A.A. Berlin, Protective heat-resistant coatings of carbon materials, Inorg. Mater. 48(3) (2012) 261-271.

[22] K.-D. Xia, C.-X. Lu, Y. Yang, Improving the oxidation resistance of carbon fibers using silicon oxycarbide coatings, New Carbon Mater. 30(3) (2015) 236-243.

DOI: 10.1016/s1872-5805(15)60188-3

[23] Y.-Z. Yang, J.-L. Yang, D.-N. Fang, Research progress on thermal protection materials and structures of hypersonic vehicles, Appl. Math. Mech. 29(1) (2008) 51-60.

DOI: 10.1007/s10483-008-0107-1

[24] V.S. Terentieva, O.P. Bogachkova, E.V. Goryacheva, RF Patent No. 94008267/02. (1994).

[25] Y. Yang, K. Li, G. Liu et al., Ablation-resistant composite coating of HfC-TaC-SiC for C/C composites deposited by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying, J. Ceram. Sci. Technol. 7(4) (2016) 379-386.

DOI: 10.1177/0963693519869944

[26] G.V. Molev, N.S. Mirzabekyants, Ways to increase the resistance of carbon materials to oxidation in air at elevated temperatures, Solid Fuel Chem. 1 (1998) 89-100.

[27] G.A. Kravetsky, V.V. Rodionova, Yu.M. Dvoryanchikov, S.A. Kolesnikov, Carbon-ceramic composite materials with protective erosion-resistant coatings, New Refractories. 2 (2007) 47-53.

DOI: 10.1007/s11148-007-0027-3

[28] E.A. Afanasyev, Yu.F. Klimov, R.I. Burikova, RF Patent No 2004104295/04. (2004).

[29] S.S. Solntsev, N.V. Isayeva, V.V. Shvagireva, G.A. Solovyova, RF Patent No 2000130627/03. (2000).

[30] V.I. Zmiy, S.G. Rudenky, V.V. Kunchenko et al. Heat-resistant complex coatings on carbon materials, Probl. At. Sci. Tech. 2(90) (2014) 158-161.

[31] V.S. Terentieva, A.N. Astapov, A.I. Eremin, RF Patent No 2012146451/03. (2012).

[32] B. Zou, Y. Hui, W. Huang et al., Oxidation protection of carbon/carbon composites with a plasma-sprayed ZrB2–SiC–Si/Yb2SiO5/LaMgAl11O19 coating during thermal cycling, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 35 (2015) 2017-(2025).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.01.015

[33] A.N. Astapov, V.S. Terentieva, Review of domestic designs in the field of protecting carbonaceous materials against gas corrosion and erosion in high-speed plasma fluxes, Russ. J. Non-Ferrous Met. 57(2) (2016) 157-173.

DOI: 10.3103/s1067821216020048

[34] T.L. Dhami, O.P. Bahl, B.R. Awasthy, Oxidation-resistant carbon-carbon composites up to 1700 °C, Carbon. 33 (1995) 479-490.

DOI: 10.1016/0008-6223(94)00173-w

[35] J.-K. Yoon, G.-H. Kim, K.-T. Hong et al., US Patent 2006003567 A1. (2004).

[36] R. Shao, US Patent 2007172659 A1. (2006).

[37] X. Yang, L. Wei, W. Song, Oxidation behavior of oxidation protective coatings for PIP–C/SiC composites at 1500 °C, Ceram. Int. 38 (2012) 9-13.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.06.063

[38] T.L. Dhami, O.P. Bahl, Challenges in carbon/carbon composites technologies, Carbon Sci. 6(3) (2005) 148-157.

[39] W.G. Fahrenholtz, The ZrB2 volatility diagram, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88 (2005) 3509-3512.

[40] X. Jin, X. Fan, C. Lu, T. Wang, Advances in oxidation and ablation resistance of high and ultra-high temperature ceramics modified or coated carbon/carbon composites, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38(1) (2018) 1-28.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.08.013

[41] W.C. Tripp, H.C. Graham, Thermogravimetric study of the oxidation of ZrB2 in the temperature range of 800 to 1500 °C, J. Electrochem. Soc. 118 (1971) 1195-1199.

DOI: 10.1149/1.2408279

[42] S.R. Levine, E.J. Opila, M.C. Halbig et al., Evaluation of ultra-high temperature ceramics for aero propulsion use, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 22 (2002) 2757-2767.

DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2219(02)00140-1

[43] Z. Chen, X. Xiong, G.D. Li et al., Texture structure and ablation behavior of TaC coating on carbon/carbon composites, Appl. Surf. Sci. 257 (2010) 656-661.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.07.064

[44] M.M. Opeka, I.G. Talmy, J.A. Zaykoski, Oxidation-based materials selection for 2000 °C + hypersonic aerosurfaces: Theoretical considerations and historical experience, J. Mater. Sci. 39 (2004) 5887-5904.

DOI: 10.1023/b:jmsc.0000041686.21788.77

[45] R. Rao, V. Venugopal, Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of ZrC, J. Alloys Compd. 206 (1994) 237-242.

DOI: 10.1016/0925-8388(94)90042-6

[46] G.D. Li, X. Xiong, B.Y. Huang, Y.L. Zeng, Oxidized characteristic and oxidized mechanism of TaC coating, Chin. J. Non-Ferrous Met. 17(3) (2007) 360-367.

[47] S.F. Tang, C.L. Hu, Design, preparation and properties of carbon fiber reinforced ultra-high temperature ceramic composites for aerospace applications: A review, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 33 (2017) 117–130.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2016.08.004

[48] D. Cho, B. Yoon, Microstructural interpretation of the effect of various matrices on the ablation properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced composites, Compos. Sci. Technol, 61(2) (2001) 271-280.

DOI: 10.1016/s0266-3538(00)00212-8

[49] W.G. Fahrenholtz, G.E. Hilmas, I.G. Talmy, J.A. Zaykoski, Refractory diborides of zirconium and hafnium, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90(5) (2007) 1347-1364.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01583.x

[50] A.L. Chamberlain, W.G. Fahrenholtz, G.E. Hilmas, D.T. Ellerby, High-strength zirconium diboride-based ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 (2004) 1170-1172.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.01170.x

[51] F. Monteverde, A. Bellosi, S. Guicciardi, Processing and properties of zirconium diboride-based composites, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 22 (2002) 279-288.

DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2219(01)00284-9

[52] S. Ran, S.G. Huang, O. Van der Biest, J. Vleugels, High-strength ZrB2-based ceramics prepared by reactive pulsed electric current sintering of ZrB2–ZrH2 powders, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 32 (2012) 2537-2543.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.02.035

[53] P. Franke, D. Neuschütz (Eds.), Binary systems. Part 2: Elements and Binary Systems from B – C to Cr – Zr. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, (2004).

DOI: 10.1007/b76783

[54] P.S. Sokolov, V.A. Mukhanov, T. Shovo, V.L. Solozhenko, On the melting of silicon carbide under pressure, Journal of Superhard Materials. 5 (2012) 76-78.

DOI: 10.3103/s1063457612050097

[55] Y.L. Wang, X. Xiong, X.J. Zhao et al., Structural evolution and ablation mechanism of a hafnium carbide coating on a C/C composite in an oxyacetylene torch environment, Corros. Sci. 61 (2012) 156-161.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.04.033

[56] S.L. Wang, K.Z. Li, H.J. Li, Y.L. Zhang, Microstructure and ablation resistance of ZrC nanostructured coating for carbon/carbon composites, Mater. Lett. 107 (2013) 99-102.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.05.124

[57] H. Wu, H-J. Li, Q.-G. Fu et al., Microstructures and ablation resistance of ZrC coating for SiC-coated carbon/carbon composites prepared by supersonic plasma spraying, J. Therm. Spray Technol. 20 (2011) 1286-1291.

DOI: 10.1007/s11666-011-9676-3

[58] Y. Zeng, D. Wang, X. Xiong et al., Ablation-resistant carbide Zr0.8Ti0.2C0.74B0.26 for oxidizing environments up to 3000 °C, Nat. Commun. 8(15836) (2017) 1-9.

[59] X. Xiong, Y.L. Wang, G.D. Li et al. HfC/ZrC ablation protective coating for carbon/carbon composites, Corros. Sci. 77 (2013) 25-30.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2013.06.042

[60] Y.L. Wang, X. Xiong, G.D. Li et al., Preparation and ablation properties of Hf (Ta)C co-deposition coating for carbon/carbon composites, Corros. Sci. 66 (2013) 177-182.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.09.016

[61] E.L. Courtright, J.T. Prater, G.R. Holcomb et al., Oxidation of hafnium carbide and hafnium carbide with additions of tantalum and praseodymium, Oxid. Met. 36 (1991) 423-437.

DOI: 10.1007/bf01151590

[62] A.A. Appen. Temperature Resistant Inorganic Coatings, Chemistry, Leningrad, (1976).

[63] G.V. Bobrov, A.A. Ilin, Application of Inorganic Coatings (Theory, Technology, Equipment), Intermet Engineering, Moscow, (2004).

[64] V.S. Terentieva, A.N. Astapov, A.I. Eremin, Analysis of prospective antioxidant coatings for high-temperature carbon-containing composite materials (review), Corrosion: Materials, Protection. 1 (2014) 30-42.

[65] G.V. Samsonov, A.P. Epik, Refractory Coatings, Metallurgy, Moscow, (1973).

[66] D. Wang, Y. Zeng, X. Xiong et al., Preparation and ablation properties of ZrB2-SiC protective laminae for carbon/carbon composites, Ceram. Int. 40 (2014) 14215-14222.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.06.010

[67] M. Pavese, P. Fino, C. Badini et al., HfB2/SiC as a protective coating for 2D Cf/SiC composites: Effect of high temperature oxidation on mechanical properties, Surf. Coat. Technol. 202 (2008) 2059-(2067).

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.08.037

[68] K. Shugart, B. Patterson, D. Lichtman et al., Mechanisms for variability of ZrB2-30 vol% SiC oxidation kinetics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 97(7) (2014) 2279-2285.

DOI: 10.1111/jace.12911

[69] V.V. Rodionova, G.A. Kravetsky, N.M. Shestakova, Patent 2082694 RF, MPK6 C04В35/52, C04В41/87. (1997).

[70] Y.-L. Zhang, H.-J. Li, X.-Y. Yao et al., Oxidation protection of C/SiC coated carbon/carbon composites with Si-Mo coating at high temperature, Corros. Sci. 53 (2011) 2075-(2079).

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2011.02.024

[71] J.-F. Huang, B. Wang, H.-J. Li et al., A MoSi2/SiC oxidation protective coating for carbon/carbon composites, Corros. Sci. 53 (2011) 834-839.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.11.024

[72] Y. Zhi-Qiao, X. Xiang, X. Peng et al., A multilayer coating of dense SiC alternated with porous Si-Mo for the oxidation protection of carbon/carbon silicon carbide composites, Carbon. 46 (2008) 149-153.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.10.035

[73] H. Liping, N. Yaran, Z. Xuebin, Patent CN105695917A, C23C4/10. (2016).

[74] T. Feng, H.J. Li, M.H. Hu et al., Oxidation and ablation resistance of Fe2O3 modified ZrB2-SiC-Si coating for carbon/carbon composites, Ceram. Int. 42 (2016) 270-278.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.08.105

[75] J.R. Strife, J.E. Sheehan, Ceramic coatings for carbon-carbon composites, Ceram. Bull. 67(2) (1988) 369-374.

[76] G. Li, X. Xiong, B. Huang, K. Huang, Structural characteristics and formation mechanisms of crack-free multilayer TaC/SiC coatings on carbon-carbon composites, Trans. Nonferrous. Met. Soc. China. 18 (2008) 255-261.

DOI: 10.1016/s1003-6326(08)60045-x

[77] Y.J. Wang, H.J. Li, Q.G. Fu et al., Ablative property of HfC-based multilayer coating for C/C composites under oxyacetylene torch, Appl. Surf. Sci. 257 (2011) 4760-4763.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.11.020

[78] Y. Wang, H. Li, Q. Fu et al. SiC/HfC/SiC ablation resistant coating for carbon/carbon composites, Surf. Coat. Technol. 206 (2012) 3883-3887.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.03.039

[79] Q. Liu, L. Zhang, J. Liu et al., The oxidation behavior of SiC-ZrC-SiC-coated C/SiC minicomposites at ultrahigh temperatures, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93 (2010) 3990-3992.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04178.x

[80] H. Wu, H.J. Li, C. Ma et al., MoSi2-based oxidation protective coatings for SiC-coated carbon/carbon composites prepared by supersonic plasma spraying, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 30 (2010) 3267-3270.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.06.007

[81] Y.J. Wang, H.J. Li, Q.G. Fu et al., Ablation behaviour of a TaC coating on SiC coated C/C composites at different temperatures, Ceram. Int. 39 (2013) 359-365.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.06.034

[82] Y. Yang, K. Li, Z. Zhao, H. Li, Ablation resistance of HfC-SiC coating prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying for SiC-coated C/C composites, Ceram. Int. 42 (2016) 4768-4774.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.11.161

[83] Y. Yang, K. Li, G. Liu, Z. Zhao, Ablation mechanism of HfC-HfO2 protective coating for SiC-coated C/C composites in an oxyacetylene torch environment, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 33(10) (2017) 1195-1202.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2016.11.010

[84] Y. Yang, K. Li, Z. Zhao, G. Liu, HfC-ZrC-SiC multiphase protective coating for SiC-coated C/C composites prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying, Ceram. Int. 43 (2017) 1495-1503.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.120

[85] E.P. Simonenko, New Approaches to the Synthesis of Refractory Nanocrystalline Carbides and Oxides and the Production of Ultrahigh-Temperature Ceramic Materials Based on Hafnium Diboride: PhD Thesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, (2016).

[86] Y. Jia, H. Li, Q. Fu et al., Ablation behavior of ZrC-La2O3 coating for SiC-coated carbon/carbon composites under an oxyacetylene torch, Ceram. Int. 42 (2016) 14236-14245.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.06.045

[87] S. Wang, W. Li, S. Wang et al., Deposition of SiC/La2Zr2O7 multi-component coating on C/SiC substrate by combining sol-gel process and slurry, Surf. Coat. Tech. 302 (2016) 383-388.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.05.079

[88] L. Wang, Q. Fu, N. Liu, Y. Shan, Supersonic plasma sprayed MoSi2-ZrB2 antioxidation coating for SiC-C/C composites, Surf. Eng. 32(7) (2015) 1-6.

[89] A. Kaiser, M. Lobert, R. Telle, Thermal stability of zircon (ZrSiO4), J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 28 (2008) 2199-2211.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.12.040

[90] D. Pizon, L. Charpentier, R. Lucas et al., Oxidation behavior of spark plasma sintered ZrC–SiC composites obtained from the polymer-derived ceramics route, Ceram. Int. 40(3) (2014) 5025-5031.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.08.105

[91] H.B. Li, L.T. Zhang, L.F. Cheng, Y.G. Wang, Oxidation analysis of 2D C/ZrC-SiC composites with different coating structures in CH4 combustion gas environment, Ceram. Int. 35 (2009) 2277-2282.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2008.12.002

[92] L.Y. Zhao, D.C. Jia, X.M. Duan et al., Oxidation of ZrC-30 vol% SiC composite in air from low to ultrahigh temperature. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 32 (2012) 947-954.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.10.024

[93] Y. Jia, H. Li, X. Yao et al., Effect of LaB6 content on the gas evolution and structure of ZrC coating for carbon/carbon composites during ablation, Ceram. Int. 43 (2017) 3601-3609.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.11.197

[94] Y. Zhang, H. Hu, P. Zhang et al., SiC/ZrB2-SiC-ZrC multilayer coating for carbon/carbon composites against ablation, Surf. Coat. Technol. 300 (2016) 1-9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.05.028

[95] X. Yao, H. Li, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, Oxidation and mechanical properties of SiC/SiC-MoSi2-ZrB2 coating for carbon/carbon composites, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 30 (2014) 123-127.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2013.09.006

[96] X. Ren, H. Li, Q. Fu et al., TaB2-SiC-Si multiphase oxidation protective coating for SiC-coated carbon/carbon composites, J. Eur. Ceram Soc. 33 (2013) 2953-2959.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.06.028

[97] T. Feng, H. Li, M. Hu et al., Oxidation and ablation resistance of the ZrB2-CrSi2-Si/SiC coating for C/C composites at high temperature, J. Alloys Compd. 662 (2016) 302-307.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.12.011

[98] X. Ren, H. Li, Q. Fu et al., Oxidation resistant graded multiphase coating for carbon/carbon composites, Surf. Coat. Technol. 232 (2013) 821-826.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.06.105

[99] Y. Jia, H. Li, Q. Fu, J. Sun, A ZrC-SiC/ZrC-LaB6/ZrC multilayer ablation resistance coating for SiC-coated carbon/carbon composites, Surf. Coat. Technol. 309 (2017) 545-553.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.010

[100] F. Tao, L. He-Jun, S. Xiao-Hong et al., Oxidation and ablation resistance of ZrB2-SiC-Si/B-modified SiC coating for carbon/carbon composites, Corros. Sci. 67 (2013) 292-297.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.10.041

[101] Y. Zhang, Z. Hu, H. Li, J. Ren, Ablation resistance of ZrB2-SiC coating prepared by supersonic atmosphere plasma spraying for SiC-coated carbon/carbon composites. Ceram. Int. 40 (2014) 14749-14755.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.06.064

[102] B.L. Zou, Z.S. Khan, X.Z. Fan, A new double layer oxidation resistant coating based on Er2SiO5/LaMgAl11O19 deposited on C/SiC composites by atmospheric plasma spraying, Surf. Coat. Technol. 219 (2013) 101-108.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.01.011

[103] X.Q. Cao, R. Vassen, D. Stoever, Ceramic materials for thermal barrier coatings, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24 (2004) 1-10.

[104] X. Zou, Q. Fu, L. Liu et al., ZrB2-SiC coating to protect carbon/carbon composites against ablation, Surf. Coat. Technol. 226 (2013) 17-21.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.03.027

[105] P. Wang, S. Zhou, P. Hu et al., Ablation resistance of ZrB2-SiC/SiC coating prepared by pack cementation for graphite, J. Alloys Compd. 682 (2016) 203-207.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.010

[106] K.L. Choy, Chemical vapour deposition of coatings, Prog. Mater. Sci. 48 (2003) 57-170.

[107] Q. Huang, Fabrication, Structure and Application of High Performance Carbon/Carbon Composites, Central South University Press, Changsha, (2010).

[108] L.D de Castro. RF Patent No. 5001947/26. (1991).

[109] V.A. Rozenenkova, S.S. Solntsev, E.N. Kablov et al., RF Patent No. 2005122153/03. (2005).

[110] L.S. Am, P.J. Hun, Korea Patent KR20020039564 A. (2002).

[111] A.N. Astapov, L.N. Rabinskiy, Investigation of destruction mechanisms for heat-resistant coatings in hypersonic flows of air plasma, Solid State Phenom. 269 (2017) 14-30.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.269.14

[112] J.A. Zaykoski, I.G. Talmy, J.K. Ashkenazi, Patent US 6632762 B1. (2003).

[113] G.F. Chen, K.N. Lee, S.N. Tewari, Slurry development for the deposition of a GdSiO4+ Mullite environmental barrier coating on silicon carbide, J. Ceram. Process. Res. 8 (2007) 142-144.

[114] V.V. Vikulin, T.V. Leshchuk, I.N. Kurskaya, RF Patent No. 2004123328/03. (2006).

[115] L. Silvestroni, G. Meriggi, D. Sciti, Oxidation behavior of ZrB2 composites doped with various transition metal silicides, Corros. Sci. 83 (2014) 281-291.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.02.026